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Risk factors for colonization and infection by multiresistant bacteria
Intensive Care Medicine Experimental volume 3, Article number: A126 (2015)
Introduction
In 2013, the “Zero Resistance” (RZ) program was launched in Spain, to help prevent the emergence of multiresistant bacteria (MRB) in critically ill patients. One of its recommendations is to complete a checklist upon patient admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to identify those patients at high risk for colonization or infection by MRB*.
Objectives
To analyse the effectiveness of the checklist proposed as a way to early detect MRB and the role of other comorbidities.
Methods
A prospective study from March 17th, 2014 to January 31rst, 2015. All patients admitted to a polyvalent ICU of a general hospital were submitted to the checklist proposed, with the application of contact precaution (CP) strategies for patients with risk factors (RF) for colonization or infection by MRB. Bacteriologic swabs (nasal, pharyngeal, axillary and rectal) were routinely performed on all patients admitted, besides diagnostic cultures when they were necessary. Furthermore, we analysed other pathological variables and comorbidities (diabetes, renal failure, immunosuppression state, neoplasia, cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease -COPD-, organ transplantation, malnutrition and type of admission to ICU - urgent or programmed). Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for MRB with binary logistic regression were performed. Statistical significance was set at CI 95%.
Results
780 patients were admitted. 231 (29,6%) met some CP criteria. In 78 (10%) were detected one or more MRB, 49 of these (62,8%) presented CP criteria according to the checklist. 23 met 1 criteria, 17 met 2 criteria and 10 met 3 or more criteria with accumulation of risk. In 29 (37, 2%) MRB carriers it was not identified any of the RF from the checklist. Tables 1 and 2 show RF and comorbidities that were significant as added risk for MRB. We did not find significant relation between renal failure, immunosuppression state, neoplasia, cirrhosis or organ transplantation and being MRB carrier.
Conclusions
In our environment, the checklist did not detect 37% of patients with MRB. Prior antibiotic therapy and prior colonization were the best predictors. Further factors as diabetes could help on detection of MRB in ICU.
References
Montero J, et al: (Scientific Expert Committee for the “Zero Resistance” Project). Combatting resistance in intensive care: the multimodal approach of the Spanish ICU “Zero Resistance” program. Critical Care. 2015, 19 (114):
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Carvalho Brugger, S., Gavilan Rabell, R., Miralbes Torner, M. et al. Risk factors for colonization and infection by multiresistant bacteria. ICMx 3 (Suppl 1), A126 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A126
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A126