Figure 2

Results of mathematical modeling of isotope enrichment data presented as glucose uptake. Lines represent mean and 95% confidence intervals for EMD008- (straight lines) and vehicle-treated (broken lines) animals. There is a loose correlation between AMPK activation values and glycemia and hence some of the effects of AMPK activation can be carried over to the glucose variable, when the impact of AMPK activation is ignored in Equation 2. (A) Regression lines obtained under these conditions and when different parameters were used for the EMD008 and for control groups. At comparable glucose concentrations, the predicted uptake is higher for the EMD008 group. When the AMPK effect is considered and one set of coefficients is used for all groups, then a significant effect of AMPK on glucose uptake can be established. Since a dependency on two factors is difficult to visualize, the actual values for AMPK used in the term k ₂ AMPK in Equation 2 are expressed by a glycemia-dependent term derived from a linear approximate relation between AMPK activation and glycemia, which allows to express glucose uptake as a function of glycemia alone. (B) An approximate replacement which demonstrates that EMD008 increased the slope of the relation between glucose disposal and glycemia [28].