Liu [30]
|
Sepsis
|
?
|
1
|
? B C
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
TLR4 stimulation and human sepsis activate pathways that couple NAD+ and its sensor SIRT1 with epigenetic reprogramming
|
Buttenschoen [41]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
4 (2 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Cytokine liberation of mononuclear cells suggests a state of postoperative endotoxin tolerance
|
Pachot [31]
|
Sepsis
|
72 h (onset sep shock)
|
2
|
1C
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
CX3CR1 expression [is] severely down-regulated in [septic] monocytes and associated with lack of functionality
|
West [32]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (ICU adm)
|
1
|
1 A, E
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Leukocytes of septic patients, but not SIRS, show LPS tolerance
|
Harter [33]
|
Sepsis
|
?
|
1
|
1 A B C
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
Endotoxin tolerance in septic patients does not depend solely on TLR-2 or TLR-4 expression
|
Flohe [40]
|
Surgery in trauma patients
|
48 h (ICU adm)
|
Mon, Thu.
|
1 A B C
|
Y
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Initial trauma [and] major secondary surgery cause suppression of immune functions, whereas minor surgery does not
|
Escoll [34]
|
Sepsis
|
48 h (onset sepsis)
|
1
|
1 A
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Monocytes from septic patients rapidly express IRAK-M mRNA when stimulated with LPS ex vivo [unlike healthy volunteers]
|
Heagy [39]
|
ICU patients (sepsis)
|
72 h (ICU adm)
|
1
|
5
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
ICU patients with…endotoxin tolerance have significantly poorer clinical outcomes
|
Calvano [35]
|
Sepsis
|
?
|
1
|
1 E A
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Cellular LPS hyporesponsiveness [cannot] be ascribed to significant alterations in…cell surface LPS binding proteins
|
Sfeir [36]
|
Sepsis
|
24 (Sep Shock)
|
1
|
1C
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
Monocytes from patients with septic shock exhibit persistent IL-10 release at a time when TNF-α release is down-regulated
|
Kawasaki [42]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
7 (7 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
LPS responsiveness…is altered from the early period of surgery
|
Heagy [37]
|
Sepsis
|
72 h (ICU adm)
|
1
|
5
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
Impaired TNF release may be a manifestation of monocyte endotoxin tolerance and may be useful to diagnose sepsis
|
Bergmann [38]
|
Sepsis
|
?
| |
1 B C
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
The altered [TNF-α release] of septic blood to catecholamines might be due to altered reactivity of leukocytes
|