Roger [43]
|
Sepsis
|
Before first abs
|
1
|
3 B C
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Concomitant T cell proliferation and T cell apoptosis are observed in human sepsis
|
Bandyopadhyay [58]
|
Trauma
|
?
|
Every 4 days (28 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
CD47 triggering, SHP-1 mediated NFkB suppression and elevated TRAIL levels increase…T cell apoptosis
|
White [11]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (ICU adm/positive BC)
|
2 (7 days)
|
1 B C
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
Patients with infection and sepsis have deficient IL-2 and IL-7 gene expression
|
White [11]
|
Elective surgery (infective complications)
|
Pre-insult
|
3 (5 days)
|
4
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
| |
Zhang [44]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (sep shock)
|
1
|
1C
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
The expression of PD-1 on T cells [is] up regulated in septic shock
|
Guignant [45]
|
Sepsis
|
48 h (sep shock)
|
3 (10 days)
|
1C
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
Y
|
PD-1 related molecules may constitute a novel immunoregulatory system involved in sepsis-induced immune alterations
|
Vaki [46]
|
Sepsis
|
12 h (organ failure)
| |
2 B C
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
These findings support…the existence of an early circulating factor in severe sepsis/shock, modulating apoptosis of CD4 lymphocytes
|
Slotwinski [62]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
4 (7 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Preoperative enteral immunonutrition prevents postoperative decrease in lymphocyte subsets
|
Gogos [47]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (signs of sepsis)
|
1
|
2 B C
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
Major differences of the early statuses of innate and adaptive immune systems exist between sepsis and severe sepsis/shock in relation the underlying type of infection
|
Hoogerwerf [48]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (dx sepsis)
|
1
|
2 A
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
In patients with sepsis, alterations in apoptosis of circulating leukocytes occur in a cell-specific manner
|
Yousef [49]
|
Sepsis
|
?
|
1
|
1 A B C
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Percentage of apoptotic lymphocyte median values [could be] an indicator of prognosis and survival in critically ill patients
|
Turrel-Davin [50]
|
Sepsis
|
48 h (sep shock)
|
2 (5 days)
|
1C
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
Pro-apoptotic genes BID and FAS appear to constitute promising apoptosis markers
|
Pelekanou [51]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (signs of sepsis)
|
1
|
1 2 A B C
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
Decrease of CD-4 lymphocytes…is characteristic of sepsis arising in ventilator associated pneumonia
|
Papadima [61]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
2 (1 day)
|
N
|
-
| |
Y
|
Y
|
No alterations in lymphocyte counts [and] subpopulations [following use of epidural anaesthesia]
|
Delogu [52]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (sep shock)
|
1
|
? C
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Blood caspase-1 elevated in sepsis. IL-6 correlates with apoptotic rate and caspase-9 expression in lymphocytes
|
Weber [53]
|
Sepsis
|
4 h (sev sepsis)
|
1
|
1 B
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
In early severe sepsis…induction of…Bim,Bid,Bak and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl is observed
|
Roth [54]
|
Sepsis
|
?
|
1
|
1 A B C
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
These findings strongly suggest that in septic patients Th1 T cells are selectively susceptible to apoptosis
|
Le Tulzo [55]
|
Sepsis
|
+ve microbiology ±3 days
|
2 (6 days)
|
1 B C E
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Lymphocyte apoptosis is rapidly increased in…septic shock…and leads to a profound and persistent lymphopaenia associated with poor outcome
|
Hotchkiss [56]
|
Sepsis
|
6 h (death)
|
1
|
6
|
Y
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Capsase 9 mediates profound progressive loss of B and CD4 T helper cells in [severe] sepsis
|
Delogu [63]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
3 (4 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Surgical trauma is associated with a significant but transient increase in lymphocyte commitment to apoptosis
|
Pellegrini [59]
|
Trauma
|
?
|
2/week (until death/discharge)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Increased levels of apoptosis are not directly associated with negative trauma patient outcome
|
Delogu [64]
|
Surgical
|
Pre-insult
|
3 (4 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Surgical trauma upregulates lymphocyte death signalling factors and downregulates survival factors. Increased apoptosis of CD8+ cells maybe associated with greater risk of postsurgical infection
|
Hotchkiss [60]
|
Trauma
|
10 h (injury to surgery)
|
1
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Focal apoptosis of intestinal epithelial and lymphoid tissues occurs extremely rapidly after injury
|
Hotchkiss [57]
|
Sepsis
|
6 h (death)
|
1
|
6
|
Y
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
Caspase-3 mediated apoptosis causes extensive lymphocyte apoptosis in sepsis
|
Sasajima [65]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
5 (7 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Transient T cell apoptosis occurs after major operations
|
Sugimoto [66]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
4 (4 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Enhanced FasL expression is likely to be related to systemic inflammatory responses induced during the perioperative period
|