Skip to main content

Volume 3 Supplement 1

ESICM LIVES 2015

  • Poster presentation
  • Open access
  • Published:

Optimizing the dosing regimen of linezolid in critically ill septic patients undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis and monte carlo simulation

Introduction

Pharmacokinetic (PK) of drugs in critically ill patients could vary from the general population. Patients undergoing hemodiafiltration (HDF) could present lower linezolid (LZ) concentration than expected. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis (PK/ PD) is a useful tool to optimize dosing regimens of antibiotic therapy.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LZ for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms (GPM) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients undergoing HDF using a PK/PD analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS).

Methods

Study developed in three tertiary hospitals in patients with severe sepsis, HDF and treatment with LZ (600mg q12h). 8 each patient blood (prefilter and postfilter) and ultrafiltrate samples were taken. Concentrations of linezolid were determined by HPLC-UV. PK analysis and MCS were performed using Phoenix WinNonlin Version 6.3 (Pharsight) and Oracle Crystal Ball programs to assess the probability of successful treatment (PST) [area under the curve (AUC24)/MIC> 100 for different MICs], the probability of Cmin>2 mg/L and the risk of overexposure (RO) [Cmin> 10 mg /L and/or AUC24> 400 mg * h/L] at doses of 600mg q12 and q8h. Patients were grouped by liver and renal function considering impaired liver function (ILF) the elevation> 2 times transaminase and/or elevated bilirubin and severe renal dysfunction (SRD) the presence of CrCl < 15 ml/min. Group (G) 0: both normal, G1: ILF or SRD, G2: both. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation (SD), qualitative as percentages. α significance level of 0,05.

Results

26 patients were included. The AUC 24 (mg * h / L) was: G0 111 (SD 39), G1 155 (SD 79) and G2 246 (SD64), the Cmin (mg/L) was: G0 1,5 (SD 1,2), G1 2,5 (SD 1,8) and G2 4,6 (SD 2) and the clearance (Cl) (L/h) was: G0 12 (SD 4), G1 10,1 (SD 5,9) and G2 8,9 (SD 5,1). The PST was 96, 81, 38 and 0% for GPM with MICs of 0,5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L. In the MCS, 600 mg 12qh ensures PST> 80% for MIC ≤1mg/L in the presence of some dysfunction (G1 and G2), increasing to> 90% for all groups with 600 mg q8h without RO. In the G2, the current dose assures PST> 70% for MIC of 2, increasing to >90% with 600mg q8h but with high RO (> 30%). No amount is effective for MIC ≥4 mg/L. The probability of Cmin >2 mg/L was 23, 33 and 85% for G0, G1 and G2 respectively, increasing to 60% in G0 and G1 with 600 mg q8h (see summary table in Figure 1).

figure 1

Figure 1

Conclusions

In patients with RRT, 600 mg q12h guarantees PST >80% for MIC ≤1 in the presence of SRD and/or ILF. For this MIC, 600 mg q8h guarantees high PST in all patients and increases the probability of Cmin> 2. For MGP with MIC of 2, only in the presence of both dysfunctions is possible achieving the PK/PD target.

Grant Acknowledgment

Pfizer sponsored this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Barrasa González, H., Martín López, A., Isla Ruiz, A. et al. Optimizing the dosing regimen of linezolid in critically ill septic patients undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis and monte carlo simulation. ICMx 3 (Suppl 1), A395 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A395

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A395

Keywords