Table 2 Summary of animal studies utilizing P-APRV
From: The 30-year evolution of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
First author | Year | n | Animal | Study design | %CPAP | TLow | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert [49] | 2011 | 22 | Swine | Randomized prospective, CPPV vs. LTV vs. APRV vs. HFOV | 90 % | 50–75 % PEF | APRV increased oxygenation and ventilation with reduced cytokines compared to LTV |
Roy [57] | 2012 | 8 | Swine | Randomized prospective, CPPV vs. APRV | 90 % | 75 % PEF | Early APRV prevented ARDS with improved oxygenation, histopathology, and surfactant protein preservation |
Emr [62] | 2013 | 16 | Rat | Randomized prospective, spont vs. CPPV vs. APRV | 90 % | 75 % PEF | Early APRV prevented ARDS with improved oxygenation and histopathology |
Roy [5] | 2013 | 12 | Swine | Randomized prospective, sham vs. LTV vs. APRV | 90 % | 75 % PEF | Early APRV prevented ARDS with improved oxygenation and histopathology with reduced inflammatory markers |
Roy [61] | 2013 | 9 | Rat | Randomized prospective, CPPV vs. APRV | 90 % | 75 % PEF | Early APRV prevented ARDS with improved oxygenation and histopathology |
Kollisch-Singule [55] | 2014 | 8 | Rat | Randomized prospective, CPPV vs. APRV | 90 % | 10 or 75 % PEF | APRV with low expiratory time reduced conducting airway microstrain |
Kollisch-Singule [54] | 2014 | 6 | Rat | Randomized prospective, CPPV with PEEP vs. APRV | 90 % | 10 or 75 % PEF | APRV with low expiratory time reduced alveolar microstrain |
Davies [52] | 2015 | 22 | Swine | Randomized prospective, LTV vs. APRV | 90 % | 75 % PEF | APRV increased oxygenation compared with LTV, APRV had a “trend towards” increased cerebral ischemia. |
Arrindell [51] | 2015 | 19 | Preterm swine | Randomized prospective, CPPV vs. APRV | N/A | 75 % PEF | APRV increased oxygenation without change in histopathology or inflammatory markers |
Kollisch-Singule [56] | 2015 | 14 | Rat | Randomized prospective, uninjured vs. LTV vs. APRV | 90 % | 75 % PEF | APRV approximated control lungs best with increased homogeneity compared to LTV. LTV with high PEEP reduced heterogeneity. |