Fig. 5
From: Improving animal welfare using continuous nalbuphine infusion in a long-term rat model of sepsis
Rat Grimace Scale and clinical scoring over time. Individual scores are displayed over time. To determine the effect of nalbuphine on behaviour in sham and septic rats, cumulative scores of each animal were compared by ANOVA followed by post-hoc tests. In septic animals, nalbuphine significantly reduced the scores of the Rat Grimace Scale at 24 h (9 ± 2 vs 5 ± 3, p < 0.043), but not the clinical scores at 24 h (12 ± 3 vs 9 ± 2, p = 0.190). Due to mortality and premature termination of experiments, cumulative scores were not compared at 48 h in septic animals. In sham animals, there was no difference in cumulative scores at 24 and 48 h with and without nalbuphine. Data is shown as mean ± standard deviation