Fig. 1From: Fluid loading and norepinephrine infusion mask the left ventricular preload decrease induced by pleural effusionUltrasonographic data acquisition. Ultrasonographic images of the left ventricle obtained from a parasternal short-axis view. Endocardial tracing allowed for measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) (a), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVDia) (b) and left ventricular myocardial thickness (LVMT) (c) to enable afterload calculation. Inferior vena cava diameter was measured with anatomical M-mode at expiration and inspiration (d) guided by a respiratory tracing curve (green)Back to article page