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Fig. 4 | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Fig. 4

From: A high-flow nasal cannula system with relatively low flow effectively washes out CO2 from the anatomical dead space in a sophisticated respiratory model made by a 3D printer

Fig. 4

Relationship between PETCO2, PEEP, and inspiratory effort to maintain Vt. a PETCO2 measured at the subglottic site in each respiratory model. PETCO2 in the open-mouth models reaches a minimum value with a relatively low flow. The closed-mouth model required more flow to establish the washout effect. b The Pmus needed to maintain the initial Vt without HFNC was counted as 100%. As HFNC flow was raised, the generated PEEP and Pmus required to maintain the initial value increased

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