Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Age (years)^{β, Ω}

27 (23–30)

26 (23–29)

30 (23–35.5)

0.110

Male, n (%)

26 (52)

17 (50)

9 (56)

0.68

Latin American, n (%)

47 (94)

31 (91.2)

16 (100)

0.542

Afrodescendant, n (%)

3 (6)

1 (2.9)

0 (0)

–

Weight (kg), mean ± SD

71.48 ± 15.99

68.29 ± 15.39

78.25 ± 15.56

0.039

Height (m), mean ± SD

1.68 ± 3.6

1.67 ± 0.11

1.71 ± 0.11

0.293

Body mass index (kg/m²), mean ± SD

24.98 ± 3.60

24.18 ± 3.37

26.72 ± 3.58

0.019

Body surface area (m²), mean ± SD

1.82 ± 0.25

1.77 ± 0.25

1.92 ± 0.24

0.058

Heart rate (bpm), mean ± SD

73 ± 12.55

73 ± 13.01

74 ± 11.92

0.853

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD

118 ± 12.74

113 ± 11.96*

128 ± 8.87

0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD

73 ± 8.94

71 ± 9.21*

77 ± 6.83

0.011

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD

89 ± 11.53

86 ± 10.67**

96 ± 10.28

0.002

Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (%)^{β, Ω}

98 (98–99)

98 (98–99)

97 (96.5–98)

0.051

Respiratory rate (rpm), mean ± SD

17 ± 4.71

17 ± 4.88

17 ± 4.5

0.845

End-tidal carbon dioxide (mmHg), mean ± SD

32 ± 3.50

32 ± 2.76

32 ± 4.84

0.911

End-tidal carbon dioxide (mmHg/respiratory rate^{β, Ω}

1.83 (1.5–2.46)

1.81 (1.52–2.5)

1.96 (1.46–2.17)

0.925

Left ventricle outflow tract VTI (cm)^{β, Ω}

18.2 (17.3–21)

18.9 (17.97–21.1)

17.9 (16.45–18.2)

0.075

Left ventricle outflow tract area (cm²), mean ± SD

3.2 ± 0.68

3.1 ± 0.65

3.4 ± 0.76

0.191

Stroke volume (mL), mean ± SD

60.1 ± 16.41

60.0 ± 16.07

60.5 ± 17.66

0.924

Stroke volume index (mL/m²)^{β, Ω}

31.3 (25.34–37.51)

30.7 (25.2–38.58)

32.8 (28.41–37.36)

0.406

Cardiac output (L/min)^{β, Ω}

4.2 (3.53–4.92)

4.3 (3.54–4.92)

4.2 (3.31–4.91)

0.901

Cardiac index (L/min/m²)^{β, Ω}

2.3 (1.89–2.79)

2.1 (1.87–2.79)

2.4 (2.08–2.8)

0.34