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Table 2 Hemodynamic parameters pre- and post-PLR among responders

From: Evaluation of end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a predictor of volume responsiveness in spontaneously breathing healthy adults

 

Basal

90 s

p value#

5 min

p valueβ

10 min

p valueΩ

Heart rate (bpm)*

74 ± 11.92

80 ± 12.45

0.003

72 ± 10.89

0.210

74 ± 12.99

0.892

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*

128 ± 8.87

122 ± 12.64

0.076

122 ± 11.62

0.050

118 ± 11.44

0.013

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)*

77 ± 6.83

72 ± 8.86

0.081

72 ± 8.94

0.039

74 ± 9.32

0.214

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)*

96 ± 10.28

88 ± 11.62

0.049

90 ± 11.58

0.060

90 ± 11.47

0.072

Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (%)*

97 ± 1.2

97 ± 1.54

0.530

97 ± 1.26

0.485

97 ± 1.48

0.138

Respiratory rate (rpm)*

17 ± 4.5

16 ± 5.07

0.368

16 ± 4.31

0.166

16 ± 4.95

0.169

ET-CO2 (mmHg)*

32 ± 4.84

33 ± 5.07

0.135

32 ± 4.52

0.917

32 ± 4.19

0.478

ET-CO2/RR*

1.98 ± 0.63

2.35 ± 1.19

0.187

2.16 ± 0.75

0.178

2.25 ± 0.96

0.156

Left ventricle outflow tract VTI (cm)*

17.9 ± 3.01

20.4 ± 3.42

0.0004

18.8 ± 3.06

0.139

18.6 ± 2.66

0.162

Left ventricle outflow tract area (cm2)*

3.4 ± 0.76

 

NA

 

NA

 

NA

Stroke volume (mL)*

60.5 ± 17.66

68.9 ± 19.36

0.0009

63.3 ± 16.95

0.111

63.3 ± 18.21

0.098

Stroke volume index (mL/m2)*

35.5 ± 11.42

40.3 ± 12.05

0.0006

37.1 ± 11.34

0.101

37.1 ± 11.6

0.115

Cardiac output (L/min)*

4.4 ± 1.45

5.5 ± 1.57

0

4.6 ± 1.43

0.388

4.6 ± 1.32

0.259

Cardiac index (L/min/m2)*

2.6 ± 0.88

3.2 ± 0.94

0

2.7 ± 0.89

0.356

2.7 ± 0.83

0.281

  1. SD standard deviation, bpm beats per minute, rpm respirations per minute, ET-CO2 end-tidal carbon dioxide, RR respiratory rate, VTI velocity time integral, NA does not apply
  2. #Comparison of 90 s against baseline parameters
  3. βComparison of 5 min against baseline parameters
  4. ΩComparison of 10 min against baseline parameters
  5. *Paired t test