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Table 3 Hemodynamic parameters pre- and post-PLR among non-responders

From: Evaluation of end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a predictor of volume responsiveness in spontaneously breathing healthy adults

 

Basal

90 s

p value#

5 min

p valueβ

10 min

p valueΩ

Heart rate (bpm)*

73 ± 13.01

73 ± 13.65

0.848

70 ± 12.23

0

71 ± 13.74

0.007

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)*, n = 32

113 ± 11.96

112 ± 12.03

0.468

111 ± 11.39

0.201

110 ± 10.90

0.091

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)*, n = 32

71 ± 9.21

67 ± 9.56

0.047

67 ± 8.08

0.036

67 ± 8.37

0.008

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)*, n = 31

86 ± 10.67

83 ± 10.41

0.183

83 ± 9.09

0.138

81 ± 9.75

0.025

Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (%)*

98 ± 1.21

98 ± 1.32

0.786

98 ± 1.85

0.088

98 ± 1.64

0.231

Respiratory rate (bpm)*

17 ± 4.88

18 ± 5.98

0.113

17 ± 4.4

0.939

16 ± 4.31

0.484

ET-CO2 (mmHg)*

32 ± 2.76

32 ± 2.63

0.408

32 ± 3

0.092

31 ± 3.1

0.019

ET-CO2/RR*

2.08 ± 0.82

2.03 ± 1.11

0.784

2.02 ± 0.77

0.597

2.11 ± 0.85

0.892

Left ventricle outflow tract VTI (cm)*

19.2 ± 2.67

19.3 ± 2.33

0.636

18.8 ± 2.58

0.111

18.9 ± 2.67

0.239

Left ventricle outflow tract area (cm2)*

3.1 ± 0.65

 

NA

 

NA

 

NA

Stroke volume (mL)*

60.0 ± 16.07

60.6 ± 16.33

0.552

58.6 ± 15.73

0.101

58.9 ± 15.6

0.195

Stroke volume index (mL/m2)*

32.6 ± 10.17

33.1 ± 10.22

0.375

32.1 ± 10.36

0.321

32.2 ± 9.88

0.371

Cardiac output (L/min)*

4.3 ± 0.99

4.3 ± 0.96

0.474

4.0 ± 0.89

0

4.0 ± 0.98

0.014

Cardiac index (L/min/m2)*

2.3 ± 0.6

2.3 ± 0.58

0.309

2.2 ± 0.59

0.0008

2.2 ± 0.6

0.036

  1. SD standard deviation, bpm beats per minute, rpm respirations per minute, ET-CO2 end-tidal carbon dioxide, RR respiratory rate, VTI velocity time integral, NA does not apply
  2. #Comparison of 90 s against baseline parameters
  3. βComparison of 5 min against baseline parameters
  4. ΩComparison of 10 min against baseline parameters
  5. *Paired t test