Table 2 Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, temperature, and blood gas analysis

MAP, mmHg

ZDF

103 (15)

107 (41)

95 (32)

97 (27)

53 (20)

ZLC

98 (11)

97 (41)

47 (7)

52 (7)

55 (14)

< 0.05

SprD

77 (10)^†

74 (25)

49 (4)

54 (14)

58 (12)

< 0.05

Temp, °C

ZDF

37.1 (0.2)

36.9 (0.2)

36.6 (0.2)

37.2 (0.4)

37.0 (0.3)

ZLC

37.0 (0.2)

36.9 (0.2)

37.0 (0.3)

37.0 (0.2)

37.1 (0.3)

< 0.05

SprD

37.0 (0.1)

36.9 (0.1)

36.9 (0.2)

37.1 (0.1)

37.1 (0.2)

0.07

pH

ZDF

7.47 (0.05)

7.30 (0.09)

7.32 (0.08)

7.19 (0.07)

7.11 (0.10)

ZLC

7.46 (0.05)

7.31 (0.06)

7.32 (0.05)

7.32 (0.03)

7.32 (0.03)*

< 0.05

SprD

7.49 (0.02)

7.34 (0.06)

7.37 (0.05)

7.39 (0.04)

7.38 (0.05)^†

< 0.05

BE, mmol/L

ZDF

5.0 (3.7)

− 7.9 (3.4)

− 6.4 (3.1)

− 12.9 (4.0)

− 17.5 (5.1)

ZLC

4.0 (3.4)

− 5.4 (3.3)

− 4.5 (3.5)

− 3.4 (3.6)

− 4.4 (2.9)*

< 0.05

SprD

5.9 (1.6)

− 3.4 (2.3)

− 1.0 (1.8)

− 0.4 (1.7)

− 1.3 (3.2)^†

< 0.05

PaCO2, kPa

ZDF

5.3 (0.6)

5.0 (1.6)

5.1 (0.7)

5.2 (0.6)

4.9 (0.9)

ZLC

5.2 (0.3)

5.6 (1.2)

5.6 (1.0)

5.9 (0.6)

5.6 (0.4)

0.64

SprD

5.1 (0.1)

5.5 (0.7)

5.7 (0.7)

5.5 (0.6)

5.3 (0.2)

0.47

PaO2/FiO2 ratio

ZDF

450 (518)

450 (270)

398 (255)

570 (323)

636 (368)

ZLC

518 (105)

270 (120)

255 (75)

323 (143)

368 (128)*

< 0.05

SprD

563 (68)^†

315 (143)

330 (120)

368 (83)

435 (150)^†

< 0.05

Glucose, mmol/L

ZDF

25.9 (6.2)

39.5 (8.0)

39.5 (8.1)

41.9 (5.9)

43.9 (4.3)

ZLC

11.9 (2.2)*

12.8 (2.7)

9.8 (3.6)

7.4 (1.5)

5.4 (1.2)*

< 0.05

SprD

11.6 (0.8)^†

11.1 (0.8)

8.2 (0.8)

7.7 (0.5)

6.8 (2.1)^†

< 0.05

Lactate, mmol/L

ZDF

2.2 (1.1)

6.4 (2.4)

5.0 (1.7)

7.4 (3.3)

8.2 (3.1)

ZLC

1.2 (0.4)

4.1 (1.2)

3.1 (1.5)

2.6 (1.7)

2.6 (1.7)*

< 0.05

SprD

1.2 (0.5)

3.9 (0.9)

2.7 (0.7)

2.1 (0.8)

1.8 (0.9)^†

< 0.05

K⁺, mmol/L

ZDF

4.0 (0.3)

5.4 (0.7)

6.1 (1.6)

6.4 (0.9)

7.9 (1.5)

ZLC

4.1 (0.4)

3.9 (0.4)

4.9 (1.0)

5.6 (0.8)

5.6 (0.5)*

< 0.05

SprD

4.7 (0.3)^†

4.3 (0.3)

5.4 (0.4)

6.0 (0.4)

5.6 (0.9)^†

< 0.05