From: Tight junction structure, function, and assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review
Study | Study design | Disease process | Method of TJ assessment | # of Pts (controls) | TJ proteins studied | Major findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amadi et al. 2017 [36] | Prospective observational study | Severe acute malnutrition | Intestinal biopsy; IHC | 34 (0) | Claudin-4 | Reduced claudin-4 tissue staining overall, with increased staining and more disorganization at epithelial breaks and villus tips |
Bein et al. 2017 [71] | Cross-sectional study | NEC | RT-PCR; IHC | 6 (6) | ZO-1, occludin, claudin-4, cingulin | Decreased expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum of NEC patients |
Goswami et al. 2017 [72] | Prospective observational study | SAP | Duodenal biopsy; IHC; RT-PCR; EM | 26 (10) | Claudin-2, -4 | Decreased claudin-4 in villi and crypts; Increased expression of claudin-2 and disruption of TJ by EM in SAP |
Greis et al. 2017 [40] | Prospective observational study | Intestinal dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients | Serum ELISA | 50 (0) | Zonulin | Increased serum zonulin (2.5 10.4Â ng/mL) associated with delayed gastric emptying |
Habes et al. 2017 [38] | Cross-sectional study | Intestinal injury after cardiac surgery | Urine ELISA | 37 (0) | Claudin-3 | Urinary claudin-3 (0 to 0.23Â ng/mL) increased at onset of surgery, peaked at end of surgery and normalized over several days |
Sipola et al. 2017 [41] | Prospective observational study | Emergent colectomy | Colectomy samples; IHC | 38 (28) | Claudin-1, -2; occludin | Decreased claudin-1 tissue staining in the damaged colon of critically ill patients. No significant changes seen with claudin-2 or occludin expression |
Tarko et al. 2017 [45] | Prospective observational study | NEC, rotavirus and gastroschisis | Serum ELISA | 67 (14) | Zonulin | Increased serum zonulin (2 to 43Â ng/mL) levels in patients with rotavirus and gastroschisis |
Wen et al. 2017 [47] | Prospective observational study | SAP | Colonic biopsy; IF; WB | 31 (8) | Claudin-2; occludin; ZO-1 | Increased claudin-2 and decreased occludin and ZO-1 tissue staining associated with bacterial translocation |
Liew et al. 2016 [42] | Prospective observational study | Mechanically ventilated adults | Duodenal biopsy, EM | 12 (15) | Not specified | No abnormalities of TJ ultrastructure were appreciated in the duodenal samples of patients in either the critically ill group or control group |
Sonika et al. 2016 [48] | Prospective observational study | SAP | Duodenal biopsy; IHC | 20 (20) | Claudin-2, −4 | Significantly decreased tissue staining of claudin-4 in duodenal villi and crypts but not significantly decreased at intercellular junctions. Claudin-2 had no statistically significant changes |
Blackwood et al. 2015 [43] | Prospective observational study | NEC | Intestinal biopsy IF; urine WB | 3 (3) | Claudin-2 | Reduced claudin-2 tissue staining with an increase in urinary claudin-2 |
Typpo et al. 2015 [39] | Prospective observational study | Intestinal dysfunction after CPB | Serum ELISA | 20 (0) | Claudin-3 | Increased plasma claudin-3 (0 to 18Â ng/mL) levels more than 120Â h after CPB were associated with fluid overload, feeding intolerance and duration of antibiotic treatment |
De Plaen et al. 2012 [46] | Prospective observational study | NEC | Colonic and small intestine biopsy; IHC | 20 (20) | Claudin-2, -4; occludin; ZO-1 | Increased tissue staining of claudin-2 but not of claudin-4, occludin, or ZO-1 |
Thuijls et al. 2010 [44] | Prospective observational study | NEC | Urine WB | 14 (21) | Claudin-3 | Increased urinary claudin-3 in patients who developedNEC |
Derikx et al. 2008 [37] | Prospective observational study | Intestinal injury after non-GI surgery in children | Urine WB | 20 (0) | Claudin-3 | Increased urine claudin-3 associated with onset of surgery and rapid return to baseline levels |