Appraisal of systemic inflammation and diagnostic markers in a porcine model of VAP: secondary analysis from a study on novel preventive strategies

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 4 Inflammatory markers among study groups

Inflammatory marker (log₁₀ pg/L)	Control (6)	EFB + PEEP (7)	Trendelenburg (7)	p value
INF-ɣ	1.70 ± 0.42	1.44 ± 0.33	1.76 ± 0.59	0.048
IL-1α	− 0.62 ± 0.47	− 0.98 ± 0.54	− 0.80 ± 0.64	0.709
IL-1β	0.35 ± 0.41	− 0.06 ± 0.49	− 0.03 ± 0.72	0.021
IL-1RA	1.33 ± 0.33	1.28 ± 0.31	0.82 ± 0.33	< 0.001
IL-2	− 0.04 ± 0.37	− 0.29 ± 0.51	− 0.25 ± 0.79	0.558
IL-4	1.01 ± 0.52	0.25 ± 0.73	0.38 ± 0.83	0.005
IL-6	− 0.01 ± 0.29	− 0.07 ± 0.42	− 0.15 ± 0.63	0.806
IL-8	0.16 ± 0.45	− 0.03 ± 0.42	− 0.08 ± 0.41	0.008
IL-10	− 0.42 ± 0.45	0.13 ± 0.41	0.21 ± 0.53	0.450
IL-12	0.93 ± 0.13	0.77 ± 0.18	0.74 ± 0.23	0.058
IL-18	1.19 ± 0.31	0.94 ± 0.31	0.96 ± 0.40	0.050
TNF-alpha	− 0.16 ± 0.53	− 0.08 ± 0.48	− 0.31 ± 0.49	0.814
TF	1.95 ± 0.20	1.98 ± 0.16	2.04 ± 0.17	0.232
Angiotensin-2	1.73 ± 0.21	1.87 ± 0.17	1.62 ± 0.23	0.048
ADM	2.79 ± 0.80	2.99 ± 0.24	2.84 ± 0.65	0.515
CRP	4.15 ± 0.39	3.86 ± 0.55	3.55 ± 0.51	0.052

Determinations of interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, tissue factor (TF), angiotensin-2, adrenomedullin (ADM), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum throughout the study are shown among study groups and in animals with or without VAP. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation based on log₁₀ transformation. EFB + PEEP expiratory flow bias and positive end expiratory pressure group