Appraisal of systemic inflammation and diagnostic markers in a porcine model of VAP: secondary analysis from a study on novel preventive strategies

Table 5 Inflammatory markers between animals with or without VAP

Inflammatory marker (log₁₀ pg/L)	No-VAP (10)	VAP (10)	p value
INF-ɣ	1.66 ± 0.58	1.60 ± 0.35	0.165
IL-1α	− 0.84 ± 0.58	− 0.79 ± 0.57	0.339
IL-1β	0.04 ± 0.67	− 0.12 ± 0.48	0.640
IL-1RA	0.99 ± 0.42	1.28 ± 0.31	0.663
IL-2	− 0.30 ± 0.69	− 0.10 ± 0.47	0.152
IL-4	− 0.58 ± 0.80	− 0.49 ± 0.75	0.130
IL-6	− 0.14 ± 0.53	− 0.01 ± 0.40	0.283
IL-8	0.05 ± 0.51	− 0.01 ± 0.35	0.329
IL-10	0.15 ± 0.47	0.36 ± 0.48	0.035
IL-12	0.77 ± 0.20	0.86 ± 0.19	0.281
IL-18	1.03 ± 0.40	1.03 ± 0.31	0.707
TNF-alpha	− 0.33 ± 0.47	− 0.04 ± 0.50	0.041
TF	2.01 ± 0.15	1.98 ± 0.21	0.517
Angiotensin-2	1.67 ± 0.21	1.81 ± 0.22	0.969
ADM	2.78 ± 0.71	2.99 ± 0.40	0.175
CRP	3.69 ± 0.46	4.04 ± 0.57	0.189

Determinations of interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, tissue factor (TF), angiotensin-2, adrenomedullin (ADM), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum throughout the study are shown among study groups and in animals with or without VAP. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation based on log₁₀ transformation. VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia