Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a systematic review of pre-clinical models

Millar, Jonathan E.; Bartnikowski, Nicole; von Bahr, Viktor; Malfertheiner, Maximilian V.; Obonyo, Nchafatso G.; Belliato, Mirko; Suen, Jacky Y.; Combes, Alain; McAuley, Daniel F.; Lorusso, Roberto; Fraser, John F.

doi:10.1186/s40635-019-0232-7

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 2 Details of anesthetic, airway, and fluid management

From: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a systematic review of pre-clinical models

Study	Age	Weight (kg)	Gender	Airway	Anesthesia		Paralysis	Fluid therapy
					Induction	Maintenance		Type	Rate/volume
Dogs
Kim et al. [18]		20–25
Pigs
Araos et al. [12]		30 ± 5		ETT	Ketamine, midazolam, fentanyl	Ketamine, midazolam, fentanyl	Atricurium	Crystalloid	2 mL/kg/h
Wang et al. [28]	4–6 weeks	7–8	F	ETT	Ketamine, diazepam	Ketamine, diazepam
Ni et al. [23]	Juvenile	30 ± 5	M + F	Trach	Ketamine, diazepam	Ketamine, diazepam		Crystalloid	3 mL/kg/h
Pilarczyk et al. [25]		57–62	F	ETT	Ketamine, azaperone	Propofol, midazolam, fentanyl		Crystalloid	3 mL/kg/h
Park et al. [24]		79–81	F		Thiopentone	Midazolam, fentanyl	Pancuronium	Crystalloid	3 mL/kg/h
Kopp et al. [20]		37 ± 1	F	ETT	Ketamine, thiopentone, azaperone	Thiopentone, fentanyl		Crystalloid + HES
Song et al. [26]	4–5 weeks	9–14	M	ETT	Ketamine	Ketamine, fentanyl		Crystalloid
Kopp et al. [21]		45 ± 6	F	ETT	Ketamine, thiopentone, azaperone	Thiopentone, fentanyl		Crystalloid + HES
Henderson et al. [16]	Juvenile	7.7–15.0		ETT	Isoflurane	Isoflurane, fentanyl		Crystalloid
Dembinski et al. [13]		37 ± 3	F	ETT	Thiopentone, ketamine, azaperone	Thiopentone, fentanyl		HES
Sheep
Kocyildrim et al. [19]		36.5–65		ETT	Ketamine	Isoflurane		Crystalloid	1 mL/kg/h
Hou et al. [17]	2 years	40 ± 5	M	ETT	Propofol	Sufentanil	Atricurium
Langer et al. [22]		45 ± 6	F	Trach	Isoflurane, tiletamine-zolazepam, buprenorphine	Midazolam, buprenorphine		Crystalloid	150–200 mL/h
Shekar et al. [14]	1–3 years	4–50	F	Trach	Alfaxalone, midazolam	Ketamine, alfaxalone, midazolam, buprenorphine		Crystalloid	2 mL/kg/h
Totapally et al. [27]	2–6 weeks	3.6–12.7		Trach	Ketamine	Ketamine	Vecuronium	Crystalloid	5 mL/kg/h
Germann et al. [15]		35–40	F			Thiopentone

ETT endotracheal tube, Trach tracheostomy, HES hydroxyethyl starch

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