Table 3 Detailed methods of inducing experimental ARDS and definitions of injury
Study | Detailed injury methods | Definition of injury (experimental ARDS) |
|---|---|---|
Kim et al. [18] | 0.1 mL/kg i.v. OA over 30 min | P/F < 150 mmHg |
Araos et al. [12] | Saline lavage (30 mL/kg at 39 °C) × 4 (2 prone, 2 supine) and 2 h of injurious ventilation (inspiratory pressure 40 cmH2O, PEEP 0 cmH2O, FiO2 1.0, RR 10) | P/F < 250 mmHg |
Wang et al. [28] | 18–20 μg/kg i.v. E. coli LPS within 1 h | P/F ≤ 300 mmHg and 30% decrease in dynamic compliance from baseline |
Ni et al. [23] | Blunt injury (free fall 0.45 kg weight from 1-m column) to each lateral chest wall (ribs 6–9) and hemorrhage to MAP 40 ± 5 mmHg for 2 h followed by crystalloid/autologous blood resuscitation | Not stated |
Pilarczyk et al. [25] | Saline lavage (1000 mL bilaterally at 37 °C) repeated every 60 mins until injury achieved | PaO2 < 100 mmHg for > 1 h |
Park et al. [24] | Saline lavage (1000 mL at 37 °C) repeated until injury achieved and fecal peritonitis (1 g/kg injection of feces into peritoneal cavity) | P/F < 50 mmHg |
Kopp et al. [20] | Hypoxia (FiO2 reduced to achieve hypoxic inspiratory gas mixture) | SaO2 < 85% |
Song et al. [26] | 18–20 μg/kg i.v. E. coli LPS within 1 h | P/F ≤ 300 mmHg and 30% decrease in dynamic compliance from baseline |
Kopp et al. [21] | Saline lavage (40 mL/kg) repeated until injury achieved | P/F < 100 mmHg |
Henderson et al. [16] | 0.2 mL/kg i.v. OA over 30 mins | P/F < 125 mmHg or HR < 60 bpm and/or reduction MAP > 50% from baseline |
Dembinski et al. [13] | Saline lavage (40 mL/kg at 37 °C) repeated until injury achieved | PaO2 < 100 mmHg for > 1 h |
Kocyildrim et al. [19] | 3.5 μg/kg i.v. E. coli LPS over 30 mins | Not stated |
Hou et al. [17] | Hypoxia (discontinuation of mechanical ventilation) | Not stated |
Langer et al. [22] | 0.1–0.15 mL/kg i.v. OA | P/F < 200 mmHg |
Shekar et al. [14] | Smoke inhalation (10–12 mL/kg Vt breaths of cotton smoke, first cycle 12 breaths, then cycles of 8 breaths) repeated until injury achieved | Carboxyhemaglobin 45–50% |
Totapally et al. [27] | Saline lavage (mL/kg) repeated × 3 and 2.5 mL/kg i.t. 0.1 N HCL | Not stated |
Germann et al. [15] | 0.5 mL/kg i.v. OA over 15 mins | LIS > 2.5 |