TY - STD TI - Suetens C (2012) Point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals. ECDC Eurosurveillance Rep. https://doi.org/10.2900/86011 ID - ref1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mathai, A. AU - Phillips, A. AU - Isaac, R. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a persistent healthcare problem in Indian intensive care units! JO - Lung India VL - 33 UR - https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-2113.188971 DO - 10.4103/0970-2113.188971 ID - Mathai2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dondorp, A. M. AU - Limmathurotsakul, D. AU - Ashley, E. A. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - What’s wrong in the control of antimicrobial resistance in critically ill patients from low- and middle-income countries? JO - Intensive Care Med VL - 44 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4795-z DO - 10.1007/s00134-017-4795-z ID - Dondorp2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bos, L. D. AU - Stips, C. AU - Schouten, L. R. L. R. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - Selective decontamination of the digestive tract halves the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia compared to selective oral decontamination JO - Intensive Care Med VL - 43 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4838-5 DO - 10.1007/s00134-017-4838-5 ID - Bos2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jonge, E. AU - Schultz, M. J. AU - Spanjaard, L. PY - 2003 DA - 2003// TI - Effects of selective decontamination of digestive tract on mortality and acquisition of resistant bacteria in intensive care: a randomised controlled trial JO - Lancet VL - 362 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14409-1 DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14409-1 ID - Jonge2003 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smet, A. M. AU - Kluytmans, J. A. AU - Cooper, B. S. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in ICU patients JO - N Engl J Med VL - 360 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0800394 DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa0800394 ID - Smet2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schultz, M. J. AU - Haas, L. E. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - Antibiotics or probiotics as preventive measures against ventilator-associated pneumonia: a literature review JO - Crit Care VL - 15 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9963 DO - 10.1186/cc9963 ID - Schultz2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dickson, R. o. b. e. r. t. P. AU - Erb-Downward, J. o. h. n. R. AU - Martinez, F. e. r. n. a. n. d. o. J. AU - Huffnagle, G. a. r. y. B. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - The Microbiome and the Respiratory Tract JO - Annual Review of Physiology VL - 78 UR - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105238 DO - 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105238 ID - Dickson2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dickson, R. P. AU - Erb-Downward, J. R. AU - Huffnagle, G. B. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Towards an ecology of the lung: new conceptual models of pulmonary microbiology and pneumonia pathogenesis JO - Lancet Respir Med VL - 147 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70028-1 DO - 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70028-1 ID - Dickson2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huxley, E. J. AU - Viroslav, J. AU - Gray, W. R. AU - Pierce, A. K. PY - 1978 DA - 1978// TI - Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness JO - Am J Med VL - 64 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(78)90574-0 DO - 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90574-0 ID - Huxley1978 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spray, S. B. AU - Zuidema, G. D. AU - Cameron, J. L. PY - 1976 DA - 1976// TI - Aspiration pneumonia; incidence of aspiration with endotracheal tubes JO - Am J Surg VL - 131 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(76)90181-1 DO - 10.1016/0002-9610(76)90181-1 ID - Spray1976 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johanson, W. G. AU - Pierce, A. K. AU - Sanford, J. P. PY - 1969 DA - 1969// TI - Changing pharyngeal bacterial flora of hospitalized patients. Emergence of gram-negative bacilli JO - N Engl J Med VL - 281 UR - https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196911202812101 DO - 10.1056/NEJM196911202812101 ID - Johanson1969 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zakharkina, T. AU - Heinzel, E. AU - Koczulla, R. A. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Analysis of the airway microbiota of healthy individuals and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by T-RFLP and clone sequencing JO - PLoS One VL - 8 UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068302 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0068302 ID - Zakharkina2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marshall, J. C. AU - Christou, N. V. AU - Meakins, J. L. PY - 1993 DA - 1993// TI - The gastrointestinal tract. The "undrained abscess" of multiple organ failure JO - Ann Surg VL - 218 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199308000-00001 DO - 10.1097/00000658-199308000-00001 ID - Marshall1993 ER - TY - JOUR AU - DOIG, C. J. AU - SUTHERLAND, L. R. AU - DEAN SANDHAM, J. PY - 1998 DA - 1998// TI - Increased intestinal permeability is associated with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill ICU patients JO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med VL - 158 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9710092 DO - 10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9710092 ID - DOIG1998 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, F. A. AU - Moore, E. E. AU - Poggetti, R. PY - 1991 DA - 1991// TI - Gut bacterial translocation via the portal vein: a clinical perspective with major torso trauma JO - J Trauma VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199105000-00006 DO - 10.1097/00005373-199105000-00006 ID - Moore1991 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dickson, R. P. AU - Singer, B. H. AU - Newstead, M. W. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Enrichment of the lung microbiome with gut bacteria in sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome JO - Nat Microbiol VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.113 DO - 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.113 ID - Dickson2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panzer, A. r. i. a. n. e. R. AU - Lynch, S. u. s. a. n. V. AU - Langelier, C. h. a. z. AU - Christie, J. a. s. o. n. D. AU - McCauley, K. a. t. h. r. y. n. AU - Nelson, M. a. r. y. AU - Cheung, C. h. r. i. s. t. o. p. h. e. r. K. AU - Benowitz, N. e. a. l. L. AU - Cohen, M. i. t. c. h. e. l. l. J. AU - Calfee, C. a. r. o. l. y. n. S. PY - 2018 DA - 2018// TI - Lung Microbiota Is Related to Smoking Status and to Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Critically Ill Trauma Patients JO - American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine VL - 197 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201702-0441OC DO - 10.1164/rccm.201702-0441OC ID - Panzer2018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zaborin, A. AU - Smith, D. AU - Garfield, K. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Membership and behavior of ultra-low-diversity pathogen critical illness JO - MBio VL - 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01361-14 DO - 10.1128/mBio.01361-14 ID - Zaborin2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forsythe, P. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Probiotics and lung immune responses JO - Ann Am Thorac Soc VL - 11 UR - https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201306-156MG DO - 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201306-156MG ID - Forsythe2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oostdijk, E. v. e. l. i. e. n. A. N. AU - Kesecioglu, J. o. z. e. f. AU - Schultz, M. a. r. c. u. s. J. AU - Visser, C. a. r. o. l. i. n. e. E. AU - de Jonge, E. v. e. r. t. AU - van Essen, E. i. n. a. r. H. R. AU - Bernards, A. l. e. x. a. n. d. r. a. T. AU - Purmer, I. l. s. e. AU - Brimicombe, R. o. l. a. n. d. AU - Bergmans, D. e. n. n. i. s. AU - van Tiel, F. r. a. n. k. AU - Bosch, F. r. a. n. k. H. AU - Mascini, E. l. l. e. n. AU - van Griethuysen, A. r. j. a. n. n. e. AU - Bindels, A. l. e. x. a. n. d. e. r. AU - Jansz, A. r. j. a. n. AU - van Steveninck, F. r. e. d. (. A. ). L. AU - van der Zwet, W. i. l. C. AU - Fijen, J. a. n. W. i. l. l. e. m. AU - Thijsen, S. t. e. v. e. n. AU - de Jong, R. e. m. k. o. AU - Oudbier, J. o. k. e. AU - Raben, A. d. r. i. e. n. n. e. AU - van der Vorm, E. r. i. c. AU - Koeman, M. i. r. e. l. l. e. AU - Rothbarth, P. h. i. l. i. p. AU - Rijkeboer, A. n. n. e. m. i. e. k. e. AU - Gruteke, P. a. u. l. AU - Hart-Sweet, H. e. l. g. a. AU - Peerbooms, P. a. u. l. AU - Winsser, L. e. x. J. AU - van Elsacker-Niele, A. n. n. e. -. M. a. r. i. e. W. AU - Demmendaal, K. e. e. s. AU - Brandenburg, A. f. k. e. AU - de Smet, A. n. n. e. M. a. r. i. e. G. A. AU - Bonten, M. a. r. c. J. M. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Effects of Decontamination of the Oropharynx and Intestinal Tract on Antibiotic Resistance in ICUs JO - JAMA VL - 312 UR - https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.7247 DO - 10.1001/jama.2014.7247 ID - Oostdijk2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panigrahi, P. AU - Parida, S. AU - Nanda, N. C. PY - 2017 DA - 2017// TI - A randomized synbiotic trial to prevent sepsis among infants in rural India JO - Nature VL - 548 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23480 DO - 10.1038/nature23480 ID - Panigrahi2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kotzampassi, K. AU - Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J. AU - Voudouris, A. PY - 2006 DA - 2006// TI - Benefits of a synbiotic formula (Synbiotic 2000Forte) in critically ill trauma patients: early results of a randomized controlled trial JO - World J Surg VL - 30 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-0653-1 DO - 10.1007/s00268-005-0653-1 ID - Kotzampassi2006 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spindler-Vesel, A. AU - Bengmark, S. AU - Vovk, I. PY - 2007 DA - 2007// TI - Synbiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, or peptide in early enteral nutrition: a randomized study in trauma patients JO - J Parenter Enter Nutr VL - 31 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607107031002119 DO - 10.1177/0148607107031002119 ID - Spindler-Vesel2007 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Higgins, J. P. T. AU - Altman, D. G. AU - Gotzsche, P. C. PY - 2011 DA - 2011// TI - The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials JO - BMJ VL - 343 UR - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928 DO - 10.1136/bmj.d5928 ID - Higgins2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barraud, D. AU - Blard, C. AU - Hein, F. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Probiotics in the critically ill patient: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial JO - Intensive Care Med VL - 36 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-010-1927-0 DO - 10.1007/s00134-010-1927-0 ID - Barraud2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forestier, C. AU - Guelon, D. AU - Cluytens, V. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Oral probiotic and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in intensive care unit patients JO - Crit Care VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/cc6907 DO - 10.1186/cc6907 ID - Forestier2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klarin, B. AU - Molin, G. AU - Jeppsson, B. AU - Larsson, A. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Use of the probiotic lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients: a randomised controlled open pilot study JO - Crit Care VL - 12 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/cc7109 DO - 10.1186/cc7109 ID - Klarin2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morrow, L. E. AU - Kollef, M. H. AU - Casale, T. B. PY - 2010 DA - 2010// TI - Probiotic prophylaxis of ventilator-associated pneumonia JO - Am J Respir Crit Care Med VL - 182 UR - https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200912-1853OC DO - 10.1164/rccm.200912-1853OC ID - Morrow2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shinotsuka, C. R. AU - Alexandre, M. R. AU - David, C. M. N. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Enteral nutritional therapy with pre, pro and symbiotic and gastrointestinal tract and inferior airway colonization in mechanically ventilated patients JO - Rev Bras Ter intensiva VL - 20 UR - https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-507X2008000300006 DO - 10.1590/S0103-507X2008000300006 ID - Shinotsuka2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zeng, J. AU - Wang, C. -. T. AU - Zhang, F. -. S. PY - 2016 DA - 2016// TI - Effect of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled multicenter trial JO - Intensive Care Med VL - 42 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-016-4303-x DO - 10.1007/s00134-016-4303-x ID - Zeng2016 ER - TY - JOUR PY - 2015 DA - 2015// TI - Randomized controlled study of probiotics containing Lactobacillus casei (Shirota strain) for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia JO - J Med Assoc Thail VL - 98 ID - ref32 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Knight, D. J. W. AU - Gardiner, D. AU - Banks, A. PY - 2009 DA - 2009// TI - Effect of synbiotic therapy on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial JO - Intensive Care Med VL - 35 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1368-1 DO - 10.1007/s00134-008-1368-1 ID - Knight2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Besselink, M. G. AU - Santvoort, H. C. AU - Buskens, E. PY - 2008 DA - 2008// TI - Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial JO - Lancet (London, England) VL - 371 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60207-X DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60207-X ID - Besselink2008 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gou, S. AU - Yang, Z. AU - Liu, T. PY - 2014 DA - 2014// TI - Use of probiotics in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials JO - Crit Care VL - 18 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/cc13809 DO - 10.1186/cc13809 ID - Gou2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Button, K. S. AU - Ioannidis, J. P. A. AU - Mokrysz, C. PY - 2013 DA - 2013// TI - Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience JO - Nat Rev Neurosci VL - 14 UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3475 DO - 10.1038/nrn3475 ID - Button2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andersen, P. K. AU - Geskus, R. B. AU - Witte, T. AU - Putter, H. PY - 2012 DA - 2012// TI - Competing risks in epidemiology: possibilities and pitfalls JO - Int J Epidemiol VL - 41 UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr213 DO - 10.1093/ije/dyr213 ID - Andersen2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schoenfeld, D. PY - 2005 DA - 2005// TI - Survival methods, including those using competing risk analysis, are not appropriate for intensive care unit outcome studies JO - Crit Care VL - 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/cc3949 DO - 10.1186/cc3949 ID - Schoenfeld2005 ER -