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Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Fig. 3 | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Fig. 3

From: Alleviation of exhaustion-induced immunosuppression and sepsis by immune checkpoint blockers sequentially administered with antibiotics—analysis of a new mathematical model

Fig. 3

A graphical display of Model V2. The only change from model V1 (see Fig. 1) is the addition of effect 5, by which persistent pathogen induces lymphocyte exhaustion, via suppression of HLA-DR expression in APCs or through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Effectively, exhaustion in the model manifests itself as an increased mortality rate of lymphocytes. See Additional file 1 for the equations and parameters of model V2. Regular arrows indicate activation; blunted arrows indicate inhibition; dashed arrows indicated differentiation

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