Fig. 2
From: Checkpoint inhibitor therapy in preclinical sepsis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Effects of checkpoint molecule inhibitor (CPI) therapy on the overall odds ratios of survival (95% CI) and I2s with levels of significance for each of the subgroups of experiments analyzed. Experiments were analyzed based on the following parameters: the type of microbial challenge (a), the site of microbial challenge (b), check point molecule targeted (c), and whether antibiotic treatment for the bacterial challenge was or was not administered (d). Also shown are the number of experiments (n) comprising each subgroup. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy had consistent effects over the greatest number of studies in the nine that included antibiotic treatment (I2 = 6%, p = 0.39). CLP—cecal ligation and puncture which represented polymicrobial organisms; LPS—lipopolysaccharide; PD-1—programmed cell death 1; PD-L1—programmed cell death ligand-1; CTLA-4—cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4; BTLA—B and T lymphocyte attenuator