From: Checkpoint inhibitor therapy in preclinical sepsis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author, year | Exp ID | Checkpoint molecule target | Challenge | Bacterial counts | Organ injury | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decrease | Increase | No difference | Decrease | Increase | No difference | ||||
Models not including antibacterial agents | |||||||||
 Seo, 2008 | 1 | PD-L1 | IV L. mono | – | Spleen, liver D+3 | – | NR | NR | NR |
 Brahmamdam, 2010 | 1 | PD-1 | CLP | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
 Zhang, 2010* | 1 | PD-L1 (D−1) | CLP | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
2 | PD-L1 (D0) | CLP | Peritoneal, blood D+1 | – | – | NR | NR | NR | |
 Kobayashi, 2013 | 1 | BTLA | LPS | NA | NA | NA | NR | NR | NR |
 Cheng, 2016 | 1 | BTLA | CLP | – | – | Peritoneal, blood D+1 | – | Lung, kidney D+1 | Liver D+1 |
 Deng, 2018# | 1 | PD-L1 | CLP | Peritoneal, blood D+1, D+2, D+3 | – | – | Lung, kidney, liver, muscle, intestine D+1, D+2, D+3 | – | – |
2 | PD-L1 | CLP | Peritoneal, blood D+1, D+2, D+3 | – | – | Lung, kidney, liver, muscle, intestine D+1, D+2, D+3 | – | – | |
 Patil, 2018 | 1 | PD-L1 | ID P. aer | Lung, blood D+2 | – | – | Kidney, liver D+2 | – | – |
2 | PD-L1 | IV S. aur | – | – | Lung, spleen D+3 | Kidney, liver D+3 | – | – | |
Models including antibacterial agents | |||||||||
 Inoue, 2011 ** | 1 | CTLA-4 | CLP | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
2 | CTLA-4 | CLP | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
3 | CTLA-4 | CLP | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
4 | CTLA-4 | CLP + IV C.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
 Chang, 2013 | 1 | PD-1 | CLP + IV C.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
2 | PD-L1 | CLP + IV C.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
3 | CTLA-4 | CLP + IV C.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
 Shindo, 2015 | 1 | PD-1 | CLP + IV C.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
 Shindo, 2017 | 1 | PD-L1 | CLP + IV C.a. | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |