Heart failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a systematic review of pre-clinical models

Heinsar, Silver; Rozencwajg, Sacha; Suen, Jacky; Bassi, Gianluigi Li; Malfertheiner, Maximilian; Vercaemst, Leen; Broman, Lars Mikael; Schmidt, Matthieu; Combes, Alain; Rätsep, Indrek; Fraser, John F.; Millar, Jonathan E.

doi:10.1186/s40635-020-00303-5

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 1 Type of studies and main animal characteristics (sorted by animal type)

From: Heart failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a systematic review of pre-clinical models

Study	Year	Species	Study type	Animal age^a	Number	Heart failure model	ECMO configuration	Group(s)
Sakamoto et al.	2015	Dogs	Other	Adult	21	Myocardial infarction	Vj-Af	ECMO with AMI (n = 13) ECMO without cardiac failure (n = 8)
Kawashima et al.	2011	Dogs	Physiological	Adult	6	Myocardial infarction	RA-Af	–
Yu et al.	2008	Dogs	Interventional	ND	13	Myocardial infarction	RA-Af	Pulsatile ECMO (n = 7) Non-pulsatile ECMO (n = 6)
Segesser et al.	2008	Ox	Physiological	ND	5	Pacing	Vf and P^b – A_CAR	–
Møller-Helgestad et al.	2018	Pigs	Interventional	ND	14	Myocardial infarction	Vf-Af	ECMO (n = 6) Impella (n = 6)
Ostadal et al.	2018	Pigs	Physiological	4-5 months	16	Myocardial hypoxia	Vf-Af	–
Simonsen et al.	2018	Pigs	Interventional	90 days	12	Carbon monoxide poisoning	Vf-Af	ECMO (n = 6) Conventional treatment (n = 6)
Janak et al.	2017	Pigs	Physiological	4-5 months	8	Myocardial infarction	Vf-Af	–
Vanhuyse et al.	2017	Pigs	Interventional	ND	12	Myocardial infarction	Vf-Af	ECMO + normothermia (n = 6) ECMO + hypothermia (n = 6)
Esposito et al.	2016	Pigs	Interventional	Adult	10	Myocardial infarction	Vf-Af	ECMO (n = 4) TandemHeart (n = 4)
Hala et al.	2016	Pigs	Physiological	Up to 6 months	5	Pacing	Vf-Af	–
Itoh et al.	2015	Pigs	Interventional	ND	14	Pacing	RA-AO	Pulsatile ECMO (n = 7) Non-pulsatile ECMO (n = 7)
Ostadal et al.	2015	Pigs	Physiological	4-5 months	5	Myocardial hypoxia	Vf-Af	–
Brehm et al.	2014	Pigs	Physiological	ND	7	Drug-induced (Esmolol)	Vf-Af	–
Kajimoto et al.	2014	Pigs	Interventional	30-57 days	19	Myocardial infarction	RA-AO	ECMO with AMI (n = 6) ECMO with AMI and T3 supplementation (n = 6) ECMO without cardiac failure (n = 5)
Zhu et al.	2014	Pigs	Interventional	4-5 months	24	Myocardial infarction	Vf-Af	ECMO (n = 8) Control/sham (n = 8) Drug therapy (n = 8)
Bartoli et al.	2013	Pigs	Interventional	ND	47	Myocardial infarction	Vj-A_AO^c	ECMO vs IABP (n = 10) ECMO vs PFVAD (n = 10) ECMO vs CFVAD (n = 6)
Sauren et al.	2007	Sheep	Physiological	ND	7	Myocardial infarction	Vf-Af and Vf-AO	–
Naito et al.	2017	Sheep	Physiological	Adult	6	Drug-induced (esmolol)	Vj-A_AO^c	–

AMI acute myocardial infarction; Af femoral artery; AO aorta; AR right atrium; asc. ascending; CAR carotid artery; CFVAD continuous-flow ventricular assist device; P pulmonary artery; PFVAD pulsatile-flow ventricular assist device; Vf femoral vein; Vj jugular vein
^aAnimal age is written as per original paper statement
^bVenous canula was first inserted into the right atrium through femoral access (as per peripheral VA-ECMO) and then pushed onto the left pulmonary artery; arterial canula was maintained in the carotid throughout the experiment (as per pediatric ECMO configuration)
^cArterial canula was inserted surgically directly into the abdominal aorta through a graft

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