Clinical criteria | Hemodynamic criteria | Cardiogenic shock adequately defined? | Cardiogenic shock achieved? | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arterial hypotensiona | Pulmonary congestionb | End-organ hypoperfusionc | Low cardiac outputd | Elevated filling pressuree | |||
Dogs | |||||||
Sakamoto et al. | − | − | − | − | LAP > 10 mmHg | No | N/A |
Kawashima et al. | − | − | − | − | − | No | N/A |
Yu et al. | No predefined criteria | No | N/A | ||||
Ox | |||||||
Segesser et al. | “pressure drop” | − | − | − | − | No | N/A |
Pigs | |||||||
Møller-Helgestad et al. | − | − | SvO2 ≤ 35% | + | − | Yes | Yes |
Ostadal et al. | − | − | − | + | − | Yes | Yes |
Simonsen et al. | − | − | − | + | − | Yes | Yes |
Janak et al. | + | − | − | + | − | Yes | No |
Vanhuyse et al. | + | − | + | + | − | Yes | Yes |
Esposito et al. | No predefined criteria | No | N/A | ||||
Hala et al. | Cardiogenic shock not studied | N/A | |||||
Itoh et al. | No predefined criteria | No | N/A | ||||
Ostadal et al. | + | − | + | − | − | Yes | Yes |
Brehm et al. | + | − | − | − | + | Yes | No |
Kajimoto et al. | No predefined criteria | No | N/A | ||||
Zhu et al. | + | − | − | − | − | Yes | No |
Bartoli et al. | − | − | Reduction of SvO2 by 10% | + | Elevation of LAP ≥ 5 mmHg | Yes | Yes |
Sheep | |||||||
Sauren et al. | − | − | − | − | − | No | N/A |
Naito et al. | MAP reduction > 20 mmHg | − | − | + | LAP increase > 10 mmHg | Yes | Yes |