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Table 1 Suggestions to improve translational study design in critical care

From: The importance of discovery science in the development of therapies for the critically ill

Improving preclinical models

Use of multiple hits

Incorporate frailty

Extended duration of models

Multi-center approach

Use of randomization

Bench to bedside communication of phenotype discovery

Improving clinical trials

Mechanistic substudies

Bedside to bench communication of phenotype discovery

Testing of pharmacologic strategies in biologically homogenous patient subsets with activation of relevant pathways