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Table 4 Influence of RRT on EV properties in CKD.

From: Extracellular vesicles as regulators of kidney function and disease

Condition

EV populations and cargoa

Functionb

CVVH

Ultrafiltrate: no EVs [109]

pre- vs. post-filter: total EVs →, CD31+/CD41- EVs ↑ (sepsis-AKI) [109]

 

HD

Ultrafiltrate/dialysate: only traces of miRNA (hence no EVs) [110]

pre- vs. post-HD: total plasma miRNA → [110]

low flux: EC-EVs and Mo-EVs ↑ after HD compared to high flux [116]

miR-223+ EVs: VSMC calcification ↑, angiogenesis ↓, EC apoptosis ↑ [81]

HDF

EC-EVs ↓ compared to HD [81, 90, 117]

miR-223 ↓ compared to HD [81]

VSMC calcification ↓, angiogenesis ↑, EC apoptosis ↓ compared to HD [81]

PD

PD effluent: mesothelial EVs detected [119, 120]

 
  1. aIf not declared differently, EVs were purified from patients’ blood
  2. bNote that EV functions are commonly evaluated in bulk preparations and not in the specifically altered subpopulations