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Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 3 Gas exchange and haemodynamics

From: Continuous external negative pressure improves oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in Experimental Lung Injury in Pigs – A pilot proof-of-concept trial

Parameter

PEEP (cmH2O)

Position

CENP (cmH2O)

ANOVA (P-values)

0

− 10

− 20

− 30

− 40

Position

CENP

PEEP

Mixed

Mean arterial pressure, MAP (mmHg)

       

0.080

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0

Abdomen

93 ± 22

89.6 ± 21

89.1 ± 20

88.4 ± 13

91.2 ± 9

0.271

0.899

 

0.996

Thorax

93.9 ± 24

92.6 ± 20

91 ± 18

91.9 ± 11

94.5 ± 11

    

7

Abdomen

96.5 ± 10

94.5 ± 13

89.5 ± 11

87.2 ± 8.7

83.8 ± 10

0.349

0.006

 

0.137

Thorax

91.8 ± 11

92 ± 9.6

92 ± 7.9

93.1 ± 7.9

90.8 ± 5.4

    

15

Abdomen

97.1 ± 13

88.6 ± 15

77.2 ± 9.3

70.4 ± 9.8

62.8 ± 13

0.107

< 0.001

0, 7

0.095

Thorax

90.1 ± 11

88.5 ± 11

85.8 ± 12

78.2 ± 11

71.4 ± 14

    
    

0

0,10

0,10,20

    

Heart rate, HR (bpm)

       

0.135

0.959

0.005

0.114

0

Abdomen

90 ± 28

88.6 ± 27

88.1 ± 27

86.9 ± 26

85.5 ± 23

0.141

0.716

 

0.734

Thorax

90.9 ± 28

88.2 ± 27

85 ± 27

83.4 ± 27

80.6 ± 24

    

7

Abdomen

84 ± 22

82.6 ± 22

83.5 ± 21

83.9 ± 20

86.5 ± 20

0.022

0.841

0

0.989

Thorax

81 ± 22

79.5 ± 21

80.5 ± 22

80.6 ± 22

81.2 ± 22

    

15

Abdomen

75.1 ± 32

89.6 ± 21

92.4 ± 23

91.6 ± 23

91.4 ± 25

0.830

0.092

 

0.530

Thorax

85.9 ± 21

86.1 ± 19

87.4 ± 20

88 ± 21

89.2 ± 21

    
        

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.278

Mean pulmonary airway pressure, MPAP (mmHg)

0

Abdomen

28.8 ± 6.3

26.5 ± 5.7

24 ± 6

22 ± 6.2

20.4 ± 5

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

0.168

Thorax

29 ± 5.1

28.8 ± 5.1

27.2 ± 5.6

25.8 ± 5.5

28.1 ± 15

    
    

*

0*

0

    

7

Abdomen

25.1 ± 3.2

23.1 ± 4.2

19.4 ± 3.6

18.5 ± 3.6

18 ± 3.5

< 0.001

< 0.001

0

0.042

Thorax

25.8 ± 4.3

24.5 ± 4.7

23 ± 4.6

21.8 ± 4.8

21.1 ± 4.2

    
    

0, 10*

0, 10*

0, 10*

    

15

Abdomen

21.5 ± 2.9

20.4 ± 2.8

19.2 ± 3.1

17.4 ± 5.5

19.2 ± 3.7

< 0.001

< 0.001

0, 7

0.129

Thorax

22.4 ± 4.8

21.5 ± 4.5

20.8 ± 3.9

21.2 ± 4.8

21.8 ± 4.7

    
     

0

0*

*

    

Infusion rate of noradrenaline (mg/h)

       

0.026

0.970

0.038

0.973

0

Abdomen

0.28 ± 0.6

0.28 ± 0.6

0.18 ± 0.3

0.18 ± 0.3

0.18 ± 0.3

0.008

0.328

 

0.642

Thorax

0.13 ± 0.2

0.13 ± 0.2

0.13 ± 0.2

0.14 ± 0.2

0.14 ± 0.2

    

7

Abdomen

0.07 ± 0.1

0.07 ± 0.1

0.07 ± 0.1

0.08 ± 0.1

0.08 ± 0.1

0.013

1.000

 

0.978

Thorax

0.13 ± 0.2

0.13 ± 0.2

0.14 ± 0.2

0.14 ± 0.2

0.19 ± 0.4

    

15

Abdomen

0.07 ± 0.1

0.08 ± 0.1

0.10 ± 0.1

0.12 ± 0.2

0.12 ± 0.2

0.007

0.999

 

0.988

Thorax

0.25 ± 0.5

0.31 ± 0.6

0.36 ± 0.8

0.41 ± 0.9

0.46 ± 1

    

pH (arb. un.)

       

< 0.001

0.116

< 0.001

0.234

0

Abdomen

7.39 ± 0.06

n/a

7.40 ± 0.07

n/a

7.41 ± 0.06

0.054

0.040

 

0.878

Thorax

7.38 ± 0.07

n/a

7.38 ± 0.08

n/a

7.40 ± 0.07

    

7

Abdomen

7.42 ± 0.06

n/a

7.44 ± 0.07

n/a

7.43 ± 0.07

0.004

0.211

0

0.413

Thorax

7.42 ± 0.07

n/a

7.42 ± 0.08

n/a

7.41 ± 0.06

    
      

*

    

15

Abdomen

7.44 ± 0.06

n/a

7.44 ± 0.069

n/a

7.44 ± 0.063

0.022

0.996

0, 7

0.738

Thorax

7.42 ± 0.08

n/a

7.43 ± 0.071

n/a

7.42 ± 0.081

    

Arterial partial pressure of CO2, PaCO2 (mmHg)

       

0.054

0.152

< 0.001

0.107

0

Abdomen

42.4 ± 4.2

n/a

41.3 ± 7.3

n/a

40.1 ± 8.7

0.044

0.666

 

0.456

Thorax

47.8 ± 16.0

n/a

43.7 ± 9.0

n/a

41.2 ± 10

    

7

Abdomen

38.1 ± 7.4

n/a

38.2 ± 7.1

n/a

36.8 ± 8.8

0.685

0.462

0

0.640

Thorax

37.8 ± 8.5

n/a

38.3 ± 9.4

n/a

38.1 ± 9.2

    

15

Abdomen

35.7 ± 6.9

n/a

35.3 ± 7.7

n/a

36.8 ± 9.1

0.525

0.580

0, 7

0.804

Thorax

37.0 ± 9.7

n/a

35.9 ± 9.1

n/a

36.6 ± 10

    
  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Linear-mixed effects, repeated-measures ANOVA with factors position (abdomen or thorax), PEEP and CENP were performed for each parameter (1st line) over all values and for each PEEP-step (1st line of each PEEP step). Post hoc comparison was done according to Sidak after significant effects for CENP (0, 10, 20 and 30 indicate if the value at respective CENP was different compared to CENP 0, 10, 20 and 30 cmH2O, respectively) or PEEP (0 or 7 in PEEP effects column indicate the significant difference between the respective PEEP row with PEEP level indicated in the number, e.g. 0 or 7) or position (* position effects at the respective CENP). Significance was accepted for P< 0.05
  2. CENP continuous external negative pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, n/a not available
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