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Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
Fig. 4 | Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Fig. 4

From: Hydrocortisone decreases lethality and inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production in rats challenged with B. anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan

Fig. 4

a–c in this figure compares proportional survival (a) and mean (± SEM) serial changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MBP, b) and heart rate (HR, c) during and after a 24-h B. anthracis peptidoglycan infusion (PGN, horizontal arrows) in diluent (control) treated animals versus animals treated with tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor (TNFsr, averaged over the three doses tested; 2000, 1000, and 333 μg/kg). TNFsr or diluent were administered intravenously 6 h before and at the start of PGN infusion (inverted dark arrow heads). Survival is shown from the start of PGN and serial changes in MBP and HR were measured and shown from 6 h before until 48 h after the start of PGN. d Shows the mean effect (± SEM) of TNFsr compared to diluent (controls) on blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, MCP, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES [all log10(pg/ml)] and nitric oxide [NO, log10(μM)] at 4, 24 and 48 h following the start of the 24-h peptidoglycan infusion. Down and upgoing going arrows indicate the amount that TNFsr decreased or increased, respectively, the parameter measured compared to control

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