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Table 2 Treatment on ICU and outcome

From: Autonomic nervous system activity and the risk of nosocomial infection in critically ill patients with brain injury

 

All patients (n = 64)

Infected (n = 23)

Non-infected (n = 41)

p-value

Invasive procedures

 Surgery (n, %)

38 (59)

17 (74)

21 (51)

0.076

 Amount of surgical procedures (n, median, IQR)

1 (0–1)

1 (0–3)

1 (0–1)

0.006

  Tracheostomy (n, %)

10 (16)

8 (35)

2 (5)

0.002

  Intracranial device (n, %)

20 (31)

12 (52)

8 (20)

0.007

   Duration of Intracranial device (days, median, IQR)

0 (0–2)

1 (0–6)

0 (0–0)

0.005

  Central venous catheter (n, %)

26 (41)

12 (52)

14 (34)

0.159

   Duration of central venous catheter (days, median, IQR)

0 (0–5)

2 (0–8)

0 (0–3)

0.103

Treatment during ICU/CMC stay

 Antibiotics (n, %)

48 (75)

19 (83)

29 (71)

0.292

  SDD (n, %)

44 (69)

18 (78)

26 (63)

0.219

  Other than SDD (n, %)

37 (58)

16 (70)

21 (51)

0.154

  Duration of antibiotics (days, median, IQR)

5 (1–7)

5 (2–9)

4 (0–7)

0.126

 Vasopressor (n, %)

35 (55)

17 (74)

18 (44)

0.021

  Duration of vasopressor use (days, median, IQR)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–5)

0 (0–2)

0.016

 Beta-blocker (n, %)

12 (19)

7 (30)

5 (12)

0.073

  Duration of beta-blocker use (days, median, IQR)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–2)

0 (0–0)

0.066

 Mechanically ventilated (n, %)

61 (95)

23 (100)

38 (93)

0.184

  Duration of ventilation (days, median, IQR)

3 (2–7)

6 (2–11)

2 (2–5)

0.042

Outcome

 Onset of (first) infection (days, median, IQR)

NA

6 (3–12)

NA

NA

 ICU stay (days, median, IQR)

4.5 (3–9)

8 (3–14)

4 (2–6.5)

0.011

 Total length of hospital stay (days, median, IQR)

12 (6–26)

24 (10–44)

9 (5–17)

0.001

 Discharge location (n, %)

  Home

20 (31)

4 (17)

16 (39)

0.073

  Another hospital

17 (27)

8 (35)

10 (24)

0.375

  Nursing home

14 (22)

7 (30)

7 (17)

0.215

 28-day mortality (n, %)

  All causes

12 (19)

4 (17)

8 (19)

0.835

  Brain injury

10 (8)

3 (13)

7 (16)

0.670

  MOF

2 (3)

1 (4)

1 (2)

0.674

  1. Data are presented as median and interquartile range or absolute number and percentage
  2. SDD selective decontamination of the digestive tract, ICU intensive care unit