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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia at enrollment

From: Endotoxemia and circulating bacteriome in severe COVID-19 patients

Characteristic

Total

(N = 19)

EAA ≥ 0.6

(N = 8)

EAA < 0.6

(N = 11)

Age, years

54 (43, 59)

49 (40, 59)

57 (48, 58)

Male

15 (79%)

6 (75)

9 (82)

APACHE II score

8 (4, 11)

N = 13

9 (5, 10)

N = 5

7.5 (4.0, 11.5)

N = 8

SOFA score

6 (3, 10)

5 (3, 11)

N = 5

6 (3.5, 9)

N = 8

PaO2/FiO2 ratio at enrollment

233 (186, 261)

N = 13

246 (186, 293)

N = 5

223 (187, 254)

N = 8

Underlying disease

 Hypertension

6 (32)

1 (13)

5 (45)

 Diabetes

8 (42)

2 (25)

6 (55)

 Chronic kidney disease

2 (11)

0

2 (18)

 Time from onset of fever to hospital admission (days)

5 (3, 7)

3.5 (2, 5)

7 (5, 8)

 Time from onset of fever to 1st EAA measurement (days)

9 (9, 11)

9 (6, 12.5)

9 (9, 11)

 ICU admission (%)

13 (68.4)

5 (62.5)

8 (72.7)

 Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.90 (0.80, 1.16)

0.82 (0.69, 1.07)

0.91 (0.86, 1.28)

 EAA level

0.57 (0.47, 0.86)

0.86 (0.80, 0.90)

0.48 (0.42, 0.57)

 Cycle threshold

23.9 (18.3, 27.7)

23.7 (15.8, 27.0)

24.9 (18.3, 30.1)

 Ferritin

872 (638, 2409)

740 (417, 2047)

1057 (750, 2771)

 CRP

127 (27.5, 1457)

38 (27.5, 130)

137 (70, 175)

 Procalcitonin

0.16 (0.07, 0.55)

0.11 (0.03, 2.34)

0.24 (0.09, 0.43)

Treatment

 Darunavir

9 (47)

6 (75)

3 (27)

 Ritonavir

9 (47)

6 (75)

3 (27)

 Favipiravir

18 (95)

7 (88)

11 (100)

 Antimalarial drug

18 (95)

8 (100)

10 (91)

 Azithromycin

13 (68)

6 (75)

7 (64)

 Corticosteroid

4 (21)

3 (38)

1 (9)

 Antibiotic

13 (68)

5 (63)

8 (73)

  1. Data shown as counts (%) or median (IQR)
  2. APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, CRP C-reactive protein, EAA endotoxin activity assay, FiO2 fractional inspired oxygen, IL-6 interleukin-6, PaO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment