Table 1 Molecular mechanism of xenon

Yakamura and Harris [31]

Non-competitive blockade of NMDA receptors and nACH (N-acetyl-choline receptors nACH)

Li et al. [32]

mitoKATPchannel

Heart

Gruss et al. [33]

Activation of two-pore-domain K⁺channel (TREK-1)

Brain

Ma et al. [34]

Hypoxia inducible factor 1α↑ EPO ↑, VEGF↑

mTOR expression↑

Renal

Zhao et al. [35]

IGF-1↑, HIF 1α↑, NF-κB↓

Renal

Dinse et al. [36]

Blocks AMPA. receptor & kainate receptors

Brain

Bantel et al. [37]

K_ATP – Opener

Brain

Weber et al. [38], Weber et al. [39], Pravdic et al. [40]

Protein kinase C (PKC)-ε, EKR1/2

P38MAPK, HSP 27, JNK

Heart

Luo et al. [41]

PI3K Signaling

Brain

Banks et al. [42],

Competitive NMDA receptor inhibition

Brain

Harris et al. [43],

Competitive NMDA receptor inhibition

Activation of TREK-1 channels

Brain

Franks et al. [44]

Inhibition of NMDA receptor

Brain