Fig. 4

Two-week outcome. Treatment effects at 14-day endpoint comparing early versus delayed treatment effects. a Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Animals dying prior to treatment (at 48 or 96 h) are shown as “drop-off.” More animals died prior to the 96-h time point and thus all comparisons are between UPHD186 and vehicle and not across treatment regimens. b Circulating creatinine measured at 15 min before initiation of treatment (before Trt), 1 day after the 7-day treatment session (after Trt), and the endpoint. c A heat map of renal mRNA expressions of the fibrosis proliferation markers (N = 9~12). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with the CLP + vehicle group. d Representative images of renal histochemistry staining. Scale bars = 200 μm for trichrome and 20 μm for H&E stain. e–f Dot plots of fibrosis positive stain area% and renal tubule injury scores for group animals (mean ± SD, N = 7~13). g Representative immune stain images of IGFBP7 in the kidney. Scale bars = 200 μm for low-power field and 30 μm for high-power field. The plots in blue at the right side show the intensity of IGFBP-7 stain across the red line pixel scan denoted in the high-power field image. h Dot plots of IGFBP-7 stain areas% for group animals (mean ± SD, N = 7~13). i Linear regression plot of renal IGFBP-7 and collagen volume%. Equation Y = 0.2 × X + 19.1, R² = 0.04, P = 0.15. To calculate statistical significance, differences of survival rates were analyzed using log-rank Mantel-Cox test; Tukey’s test was used for multiple-group differences and one-tailed Welch’s t test for two group comparisons. NS, no statistical difference; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Sham groups were pooled when comparable. IGFBP7, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7; cdkn1a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a; ki67, Ki-67; plod2, procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2; fsp1, fibroblast-specific protein 1; col1a1, collagen type I alpha 1 chain