|
Characteristic
|
Healthy controls
|
Survivors (90 days)
|
Non-survivors (90 days)
|
p value* (survivors vs non-survivors)
|
|---|
|
Number of patients
|
18
|
14
|
34
| |
|
Gender, male
|
15 (83%)
|
11 (79%)
|
24 (71%)
| |
|
Age (years)
|
53 [25–58]
|
57 [47–74]
|
75 [67–86]
|
0.0014
|
|
Type of infection
|
–
| | | |
|
VAP/HAP
|
–
|
11 (79%)
|
22 (65%)
|
0.35
|
|
HCAP
|
–
|
3 (21%)
|
12 (35%)
| |
|
Severity of illness at admission
| | | | |
|
APACHE II score
|
–
|
16 [14–21]
|
23 [18–27]
|
0.009
|
|
SOFA score
|
–
|
10 [8.8–11]
|
10 [9–12]
|
0.41
|
|
Secondary infections
|
–
|
9 (64%)
|
17 (50%)
|
0.36
|
|
New sepsis episode
|
–
|
7 (50%)
|
16 (47%)
|
0.85
|
|
Charlson comorbidity index
|
–
|
4 [1–5]
|
6 [5–9]
|
0.002
|
|
Length of hospital stay
|
–
|
36 [24–48]
|
14 [8–28]
|
0.003
|
|
Length of ICU stay
|
–
|
26 [13–37]
|
15 [8–28]
|
0.16
|
|
Leukocytes (× 109/L)
|
–
|
13.9 [7.5–16.0]
|
13.8 [10.6–20.4]
|
0.32
|
|
PMN-MDSCs (% of leukocytes)
|
2.1 [0.74–3.1]
|
22 [6–44]
|
22 [8–37]
|
0.96
|
|
M-MDSCs (% of leukocytes)
|
0.96 [0.46–1.5]
|
4.6 [2.6–6.5]
|
2.9 [1.8–4.1]
|
0.052
|
|
Lactate (mmol/L)
|
–
|
1.4 [0.85–2.2]
|
2.8 [1.6–2.8]
|
0.02
|
|
CRP (mg/L)
|
–
|
130 [40–174]
|
144 [78–184]
|
0.63
|
|
IL-6 (pg/mL)
|
–
|
29 [19–52]
|
31 [17–73]
|
0.73
|
|
Ferritin (ng/mL)
|
–
|
501 [349–675]
|
748 [437–1478]
|
0.14
|
- p values < 0.05 are highlighted in bold
- Data are medians [IQR] or n (%). Severity scores, leukocyte counts, MDSC levels and lactate levels were measured at study inclusion
- VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, HCAP healthcare-associated pneumonia, PMN-MDSCs polymorphonuclear-MDSCs, M-MDSCs monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- *p values comparing survivors and non-survivors at 90 days
