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Table 1 Biochemical parameters and derived parameters just before and after the saline infusions on Days 1 and 2 (blood) and from just before to 2.5 h after the saline infusions (urine)

From: Plasma volume expansion reveals hidden metabolic acidosis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis

 

Day 1

Day 2

Before

After

P

Before

After

P

Glucose (mmol/L)

34.8 ± 9.3

31.2 ± 8.2

 < 0.001

14.5 ± 2.9

13.9 ± 3.1

0.042

Creatinine (µmol/L)

117 ± 51

114 + 53

0.008

78 + 33

67 ± 29

0.02

pH (pH units)

7.24 ± 0.09

7.23 ± 0.08

0.06

7.40 ± 0.07

7.39 ± 0.08

0.002

PaCO2 (torr)

23 ± 9

25 ± 10

0.16

32 ± 6

32 ± 7

0.34

PaCO2 (kPa)

3.1 ± 1.2

3.3 ± 1.3

0.16

4.2 ± 0.8

4.3 ± 0.9

0.34

aHCO3 (mmol/L)

11 ± 6

11 ± 6

0.87

20 ± 5

19 ± 5

0.019

TCO2 (mmol/L) 1

11 ± 6

11 ± 6

0.7

21 ± 5

20 ± 5

0.027

BE (mmol/L)

− 16 ± 7

− 16 ± 7

0.83

−4 ± 6

−5 ± 5

0.004

P-K (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 0.6

4.7 ± 0.5

0.002

3.9 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

0.034

P-Na (mmol/L)

132 ± 6

134 ± 6

0.013

138 ± 6

137 ± 6

0.07

P-Cl (mmol/L)

93 ± 6

98 ± 6

 < 0.001

105 ± 7

107 ± 7

 < 0.001

∆ Na–Cl (mmol/L)

39 ± 5

36 ± 4

 < 0.001

33 ± 5

30 ± 5

 < 0.001

Lactate (mmol/L)

1.7 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

0.9 ± 0.5

0.8 ± 0.4

0.031

Anion Gap (mEq/L)2

37 ± 9

33 ± 9

0.001

20 ± 5

18 ± 6

0.006

Albumin (g/L)

40 ± 9

36 ± 8

 < 0.001

31 ± 5

27 ± 5

 < 0.001

Other ions (mEq/L)

− 18 ± 9

−16 ± 9

0.016

−3 ± 5

−3 ± 5

0.26

Hb (g/L

148 ± 27

136 ± 24

 < 0.001

124 ± 21

115 ± 17

 < 0.001

Hct (%)

45 ± 8

42 ± 7

 < 0.001

38 ± 6

36 ± 5

 < 0.001

Urinary excretion 0–3 h

Volume (mL)

 

893 (650–1180)

  

360 (250–560)

0.004

Na (mmol)

 

57 (33–77)

  

41 (15–52)

0.36

Cl (mmol)

 

25 (15–51)

  

50 (20–90)

0.18

K (mmol)

 

17 (11–23)

  

11 (7–16)

0.33

Mg (mmol)

 

1.4 (0.9–1.7)

  

1.1 (0.7–1.5)

0.68

Glucose (mmol)

 

148 (100–245)

  

51 (4–73)

 < 0.002

  1. Blood data are reported as mean ± SD and the urine data as the median (25th–75th percentiles)
  2. 1 TCO2 was calculated as [aHCO3-] (mmol/L) + 0.03 * PaCO2 (torr)
  3. 2 The Anion Gap was calculated as ([Na]+[K]+2[Ca]+2[Mg])-([Cl]+[HCO3]+[Lactate])