From: Plasma volume expansion reveals hidden metabolic acidosis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Day 1 | Day 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | P | Before | After | P | |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 34.8 ± 9.3 | 31.2 ± 8.2 | < 0.001 | 14.5 ± 2.9 | 13.9 ± 3.1 | 0.042 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 117 ± 51 | 114 + 53 | 0.008 | 78 + 33 | 67 ± 29 | 0.02 |
pH (pH units) | 7.24 ± 0.09 | 7.23 ± 0.08 | 0.06 | 7.40 ± 0.07 | 7.39 ± 0.08 | 0.002 |
PaCO2 (torr) | 23 ± 9 | 25 ± 10 | 0.16 | 32 ± 6 | 32 ± 7 | 0.34 |
PaCO2 (kPa) | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 1.3 | 0.16 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.9 | 0.34 |
aHCO3 (mmol/L) | 11 ± 6 | 11 ± 6 | 0.87 | 20 ± 5 | 19 ± 5 | 0.019 |
TCO2 (mmol/L) 1 | 11 ± 6 | 11 ± 6 | 0.7 | 21 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 | 0.027 |
BE (mmol/L) | − 16 ± 7 | − 16 ± 7 | 0.83 | −4 ± 6 | −5 ± 5 | 0.004 |
P-K (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 0.002 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.034 |
P-Na (mmol/L) | 132 ± 6 | 134 ± 6 | 0.013 | 138 ± 6 | 137 ± 6 | 0.07 |
P-Cl (mmol/L) | 93 ± 6 | 98 ± 6 | < 0.001 | 105 ± 7 | 107 ± 7 | < 0.001 |
∆ Na–Cl (mmol/L) | 39 ± 5 | 36 ± 4 | < 0.001 | 33 ± 5 | 30 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.031 |
Anion Gap (mEq/L)2 | 37 ± 9 | 33 ± 9 | 0.001 | 20 ± 5 | 18 ± 6 | 0.006 |
Albumin (g/L) | 40 ± 9 | 36 ± 8 | < 0.001 | 31 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
Other ions (mEq/L) | − 18 ± 9 | −16 ± 9 | 0.016 | −3 ± 5 | −3 ± 5 | 0.26 |
Hb (g/L | 148 ± 27 | 136 ± 24 | < 0.001 | 124 ± 21 | 115 ± 17 | < 0.001 |
Hct (%) | 45 ± 8 | 42 ± 7 | < 0.001 | 38 ± 6 | 36 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
Urinary excretion 0–3 h | ||||||
Volume (mL) | 893 (650–1180) | 360 (250–560) | 0.004 | |||
Na (mmol) | 57 (33–77) | 41 (15–52) | 0.36 | |||
Cl (mmol) | 25 (15–51) | 50 (20–90) | 0.18 | |||
K (mmol) | 17 (11–23) | 11 (7–16) | 0.33 | |||
Mg (mmol) | 1.4 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 0.68 | |||
Glucose (mmol) | 148 (100–245) | 51 (4–73) | < 0.002 |