Articles

Comparison of aerosol delivery across combinations of drug delivery interfaces with and without concurrent high-flow nasal therapy

Current clinical practice during high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) involves utilization of a nasal cannula to provide humidification, with a facemask placed over the cannula to deliver aerosol. Few studies have c...

Authors: Gavin Bennett, Mary Joyce, Elena Fernández Fernández and Ronan MacLoughlin

Exogenous surfactant prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury in adult mice

In addition to the risk of developing ventilator-induced lung injury, patients with ARDS are at risk of developing hyperoxic injury due the supra-physiological oxygen supplementation clinically required to rev...

Authors: Frank Silva Bezerra, Camila de Oliveira Ramos, Thalles de Freitas Castro, Natália Pereira da Silva Araújo, Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza, Ana Carla Balthar Bandeira, Guilherme de Paula Costa, Christiane Teixeira Cartelle, André Talvani, Sílvia Dantas Cangussú, Laurent Brochard and Akinori Cardozo Nagato

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a systematic review of pre-clinical models

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly accepted means of supporting those with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given the high mortality associated with ARDS, numerous ...

Authors: Jonathan E. Millar, Nicole Bartnikowski, Viktor von Bahr, Maximilian V. Malfertheiner, Nchafatso G. Obonyo, Mirko Belliato, Jacky Y. Suen, Alain Combes, Daniel F. McAuley, Roberto Lorusso and John F. Fraser

Impact of sweep gas flow on extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R)

Veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide (CO₂) removal (vv-ECCO₂R) is increasingly being used in the setting of acute respiratory failure. Blood flow rates range in clinical practice from 200 mL/min to more than...

Authors: Stephan Strassmann, Michaela Merten, Simone Schäfer, Jonas de Moll, Daniel Brodie, Anders Larsson, Wolfram Windisch and Christian Karagiannidis

Different particle flow patterns from the airways after recruitment manoeuvres using volume-controlled or pressure-controlled ventilation

Noninvasive online monitoring of different particle flows from the airways may serve as an additional tool to assess mechanical ventilation. In the present study, we used a customised PExA, an optical particle...

Authors: Ellen Broberg, Leif Pierre, Mohammed Fakhro, Lars Algotsson, Malin Malmsjö, Snejana Hyllén and Sandra Lindstedt

Comparison of the ventilation characteristics in two adult oscillators: a lung model study

Two recent large randomized controlled trials did not show the superiority of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in adults with ARDS. These two trials had differing results, and possible causes coul...

Authors: Tetsuya Yumoto, Takahisa Fujita, Sunao Asaba, Shunsuke Kanazawa, Atsunori Nishimatsu, Hideo Yamanouchi, Satoshi Nakagawa and Osamu Nagano

Bradykinin receptor deficiency or antagonism do not impact the host response during gram-negative pneumonia-derived sepsis

Kinins are short peptides with a wide range of proinflammatory properties that are generated from kininogens in the so-called kallikrein-kinin system. Kinins exert their biological activities through stimulati...

Authors: Chao Ding, Jack Yang, Cornelis van’t Veer and Tom van der Poll

The haemodynamic effects of crystalloid and colloid volume resuscitation on primary, derived and efficiency variables in post-CABG patients

Recent studies in haemodynamic management have focused on fluid management and assessed its effects in terms of increase in cardiac output based on fluid challenges or variations in pulse pressure caused by cy...

Authors: S. Sondergaard, J. S. Larsson and P. W. Möller

Regional pulmonary effects of bronchoalveolar lavage procedure determined by electrical impedance tomography

The provision of guidance in ventilator therapy by continuous monitoring of regional lung ventilation, aeration and respiratory system mechanics is the main clinical benefit of electrical impedance tomography ...

Authors: Inéz Frerichs, Peter A. Dargaville and Peter C. Rimensberger

Simulation of pressure support for spontaneous breathing trials in neonates

Endotracheal tubes used for neonates are not as resistant to breathing as originally anticipated; therefore, spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), without pressur...

Authors: Makoto Sasaki, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Tetsuya Miyashita, Yuko Matsuda, Masahide Ohtsuka, Osamu Yamaguchi and Takahisa Goto

Translaryngeal Tracheostomy Needle Introducer: a simple device to improve safety and reduce complications during Fantoni’s translaryngeal tracheostomy procedure: trial on human cadavers

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is the most frequently performed procedure in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. A crucial step in such procedures is needle insertion into the tr...

Authors: Alessandro Terrani, Enrico Bassi, Caterina Valcarenghi, Emmanuel Charbonney, Paul Ouellet, Patrice Gosselin, Giacomo Bellani and Giuseppe Foti

Angiotensin-(1–7) exerts a protective action in a rat model of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD) is a common event during mechanical ventilation (MV) leading to rapid muscular atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Recent data show that renin-angiotensin s...

Authors: Vanessa Zambelli, Anna Sigurtà, Laura Rizzi, Letizia Zucca, Paolo Delvecchio, Elena Bresciani, Antonio Torsello and Giacomo Bellani

Sex susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury

Authors: Inés López-Alonso, Laura Amado-Rodriguez, Cecilia López-Martínez, Covadonga Huidobro and Guillermo M. Albaiceta

Automated expiratory ventilation assistance through a small endotracheal tube can improve venous return and cardiac output

Positive pressure ventilation can decrease venous return and cardiac output. It is not known if expiratory ventilation assistance (EVA) through a small endotracheal tube can improve venous return and cardiac o...

Authors: David A. Berlin, Seth Manoach, Clara Oromendia and Paul M. Heerdt

“In vitro comparison of the adsorption of inflammatory mediators by blood purification devices”: a misleading article for clinical practice?

Authors: Marco Feri

Time-related changes in hepatic and colonic mitochondrial oxygen consumption after abdominal infection in rats

Evidence suggests that early adaptive responses of hepatic mitochondria occur in experimentally induced sepsis. Little is known about both colonic mitochondrial function during abdominal infection and long-ter...

Authors: Anna Herminghaus, Henrike Papenbrock, Rebecca Eberhardt, Christian Vollmer, Richard Truse, Jan Schulz, Inge Bauer, Adelheid Weidinger, Andrey V. Kozlov, Johnny Stiban and Olaf Picker

Regulation of soluble CD127 protein release and corresponding transcripts expression in T lymphocytes from septic shock patients

Authors: Julie Mouillaux, Camille Allam, Thomas Rimmelé, Thomas Uberti, Benjamin Delwarde, Julien Textoris, Guillaume Monneret, Estelle Peronnet and Fabienne Venet

Elevated plasma glypicans are associated with organ failure in patients with infection

Increased vascular permeability is a key feature in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the development of organ failure. Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx is increasingly being recognized as an important p...

Authors: Jane Fisher, Adam Linder and Peter Bentzer

Microcirculation dysfunction in endotoxic shock rabbits is associated with impaired S-nitrosohemoglobin-mediated nitric oxide release from red blood cells: a preliminary study

Microcirculation dysfunction with blood flow heterogeneity is an important characteristic in sepsis shock. We hypothesized that impaired ability of red blood cells to release nitric oxide resulted in microcirc...

Authors: Bo Yao, Da-Wei Liu, Wen-Zhao Chai, Xiao-Ting Wang and Hong-Min Zhang

Correction to: Amino acid loss during CVVH in critically ill patients

After publication of this supplement [1], it was brought to our attention that abstract A333 contains a serious error.

Authors: S. N. Stapel, R. de Boer and H. M. Oudemans

Fluid sparing and norepinephrine use in a rat model of resuscitated haemorrhagic shock: end-organ impact

Haemostasis and correction of hypovolemia are the pillars of early haemorrhage shock (HS) management. Vasopressors, which are not recommended as first-line therapy, are an alternative to aggressive fluid resus...

Authors: Sophie Dunberry-Poissant, Kim Gilbert, Caroline Bouchard, Frédérique Baril, Anne-Marie Cardinal, Sydnée L’Ecuyer, Mathieu Hylands, François Lamontagne, Guy Rousseau and Emmanuel Charbonney

The effects of normovolemic anemia and blood transfusion on cerebral microcirculation after severe head injury

Cerebral regional microcirculation is altered following severe head injury. In addition to tissue disruption, partial pressure of tissue oxygenation is impaired due to an increase in the oxygen tissue gradient...

Authors: Judith Bellapart, Kylie Cuthbertson, Kimble Dunster, Sara Diab, David G. Platts, Christopher Raffel, Levon Gabrielian, Adrian Barnett, Jennifer Paratz, Rob Boots and John F. Fraser

A novel selective cooling system for the brain: feasibility study in rabbits vs piglets

Selective brain cooling (SBC) methods could alleviate the complications associated with systemic hypothermia. The authors (MFB, LK, and T-YL) have developed a simple and an effective nasopharyngeal SBC method ...

Authors: Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi, Lynn Keenliside and Ting-Yim Lee

Intravenous hydrogen sulfide does not induce neuroprotection after aortic balloon occlusion-induced spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a human-like porcine model of ubiquitous arteriosclerosis

In rodents, intravenous sulfide protected against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury during aortic balloon occlusion. We investigated the effect of intravenous sulfide on aortic occlusion-induced po...

Authors: Andre Bredthauer, Karla Lehle, Angelika Scheuerle, Hubert Schelzig, Oscar McCook, Peter Radermacher, Csaba Szabo, Martin Wepler and Florian Simon

Cystathionine-γ-lyase expression is associated with mitochondrial respiration during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in swine with atherosclerosis

Sepsis is associated with disturbed glucose metabolism and reduced mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction, e.g., acute kidney injury (AKI). Cystathionine-γ-lyas...

Authors: Tamara Merz, Martin Wepler, Benedikt Nußbaum, Josef Vogt, Enrico Calzia, Rui Wang, Csaba Szabo, Peter Radermacher and Oscar McCook

Appraisal of systemic inflammation and diagnostic markers in a porcine model of VAP: secondary analysis from a study on novel preventive strategies

We previously evaluated the efficacy of a ventilatory strategy to achieve expiratory flow bias and positive end-expiratory pressure (EFB + PEEP) or the Trendelenburg position (TP) for the prevention of ventila...

Authors: Gianluigi Li Bassi, Raquel Guillamat Prats, Antonio Artigas, Eli Aguilera Xiol, Joan-Daniel Marti, Otavio T. Ranzani, Montserrat Rigol, Laia Fernandez, Andrea Meli, Denise Battaglini, Nestor Luque, Miguel Ferrer, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Pedro Póvoa, Davide Chiumello, Paolo Pelosi…

Interaction of the hydrogen sulfide system with the oxytocin system in the injured mouse heart

Both the hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase (H₂S/CSE) and oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems have been reported to be cardioprotective. H₂S can stimulate OT release, thereby affecting blood volume an...

Authors: Tamara Merz, Britta Lukaschewski, Daniela Wigger, Aileen Rupprecht, Martin Wepler, Michael Gröger, Clair Hartmann, Matthew Whiteman, Csaba Szabo, Rui Wang, Christiane Waller, Peter Radermacher and Oscar McCook

ESICM LIVES 2018

Authors:

A novel approach to assess cerebral and coronary perfusion after cardiac arrest

Several indices exist to assess cerebral perfusion after cardiac arrest (CA). We aimed to investigate a new approach allowing absolute flow and microvascular resistance measurement based on selective arterial ...

Authors: Julien Adjedj, Fabien Picard, Maarten Vanhaverbeke, Bernard De Bruyne, Alain Cariou, Ming Wu, Stefan Janssens and Olivier Varenne

Analysis of particulate exposure during continuous drug infusion in critically ill adult patients: a preliminary proof-of-concept in vitro study

In critically ill patients, drug incompatibilities frequently occur because of the number of drugs to be administered through a limited number of infusion lines. These are among the main causes of particulate ...

Authors: Malik Benlabed, Anthony Martin Mena, Romain Gaudy, Maxime Perez, Stéphanie Genay, Jean-Daniel Hecq, Pascal Odou, Gilles Lebuffe and Bertrand Décaudin

Sepsis 2018

Authors:

Tight junction structure, function, and assessment in the critically ill: a systematic review

Epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity, essential for homeostasis, is maintained by cellular boarder structures known as tight junctions (TJs). In critical illness, TJs may become disrupted, resulting in...

Authors: David Vermette, Pamela Hu, Michael F Canarie, Melissa Funaro, Janis Glover and Richard W Pierce

Validation of new marker of fluid responsiveness based on Doppler assessment of blood flow velocity in superior vena cava in mechanically ventilated pigs

We studied a novel approach for the evaluation and management of volemia: minimally invasive monitoring of respiratory blood flow variations in the superior vena cava (SVC). We performed an experiment with 10 ...

Authors: Tomas Kovarnik, Miroslav Navratil, Jan Belohlavek, Mikulas Mlcek, Martin Chval, Zhi Chen, Stepan Jerabek, Otomar Kittnar and Ales Linhart

Succinate and the shortcut to the cure of metformin-induced lactic acidosis

Inhibition of the respiratory chain complex I plays a key role in the pathogenesis of metformin-induced lactic acidosis. In a work recently published in this journal, a novel cell-permeable succinate prodrug (...

Authors: Alessandro Protti

Bench Validation of a Compact Low-Flow CO₂ Removal Device

There is increasing evidence demonstrating the value of partial extracorporeal CO₂ removal (ECCO₂R) for the treatment of hypercapnia in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease a...

Authors: Alexandra G. May, R. Garrett Jeffries, Brian J. Frankowski, Greg W. Burgreen and William J. Federspiel

Heparin-binding protein in ventilator-induced lung injury

Although mechanical ventilation is often lifesaving, it can also cause injury to the lungs. The lung injury is caused by not only high pressure and mechanical forces but also by inflammatory processes that are...

Authors: Jonas Tydén, N. Larsson, S. Lehtipalo, H. Herwald, M. Hultin, J. Walldén, A. F. Behndig and J. Johansson

Time course of liver mitochondrial function and intrinsic changes in oxidative phosphorylation in a rat model of sepsis

Tissue ATP depletion and oxidative stress have been associated with the severe outcomes of septic shock. One of the compensatory mechanisms to alleviate the sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction could be th...

Authors: Pierre Eyenga, Damien Roussel, Jerome Morel, Benjamin Rey, Caroline Romestaing, Virginie Gueguen-Chaignon, Shey-Shing Sheu and Jean Paul Viale

Advanced modes of mechanical ventilation and optimal targeting schemes

Recent research results provide new incentives to recognize and prevent ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and create targeting schemes for new modes of mechanical ventilation. For example, minimization of ...

Authors: Matthias van der Staay and Robert L. Chatburn

Correction to: Esmolol indirectly stimulates vagal nerve activity in endotoxemic pigs

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported these required corrections to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6:

Authors: Jerome Aboab, Louis Mayaud, Veronique Sebille, Rodrigo de Oliveira, Merce Jourdain and Djillali Annane

Heart rate elevations during early sepsis predict death in fluid-resuscitated rats with fecal peritonitis

In sepsis, early outcome prediction would allow investigation of both adaptive mechanisms underlying survival and maladaptive mechanisms resulting in death. The aim of this study was to test whether early chan...

Authors: Alain Rudiger, Victor Jeger, Mattia Arrigo, Christian A. Schaer, Florian F. Hildenbrand, Margarete Arras, Burkhardt Seifert, Mervyn Singer, Gabriele Schoedon, Donat R. Spahn and Dominique Bettex

Peptide binding to cleaved CD31 dampens ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury

CD31 is a key transmembrane neutrophil immunoregulatory receptor. Mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced neutrophil activation leads to a massive cleavage and shedding of the most extracellular domains of CD3...

Authors: Quoc Thang Hoang, Alexandre Nuzzo, Liliane Louedec, Sandrine Delbosc, Francesco Andreata, Jamila Khallou-Laschet, Maksud Assadi, Philippe Montravers, Dan Longrois, Olivier Corcos, Giuseppina Caligiuri, Antonino Nicoletti, Jean-Baptiste Michel and Alexy Tran-Dinh

Minimum quality threshold in pre-clinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis

Pre-clinical animal studies precede the majority of clinical trials. While the clinical definitions of sepsis and recommended treatments are regularly updated, a systematic review of pre-clinical models of sep...

Authors: Marcin F. Osuchowski, Alfred Ayala, Soheyl Bahrami, Michael Bauer, Mihaly Boros, Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Irshad H. Chaudry, Craig M. Coopersmith, Clifford Deutschman, Susanne Drechsler, Philip Efron, Claes Frostell, Gerhard Fritsch, Waldemar Gozdzik, Judith Hellman, Markus Huber-Lang…

A mathematical model of CO₂, O₂ and N₂ exchange during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) is an effective treatment for severe respiratory failure. The interaction between the cardiorespiratory system and the oxygenator can be explored with m...

Authors: Christopher John Joyce, Kiran Shekar and David Andrew Cook

Clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord improve septic shock in pigs

Septic shock is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The pathophysiological complexity of this syndrome contributes to an absence of specific treatment. Several preclinical studies in murine mod...

Authors: Caroline Laroye, Jérémie Lemarié, Amir Boufenzer, Pierre Labroca, Lisiane Cunat, Corentine Alauzet, Frédérique Groubatch, Clémence Cailac, Lucie Jolly, Danièle Bensoussan, Loïc Reppel and Sébastien Gibot

Type 2 diabetes mellitus worsens neurological injury following cardiac arrest: an animal experimental study

Cardiac arrest carries a poor prognosis. The typical cardiac arrest patient is comorbid, and studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for increased mortality after cardiac arrest...

Authors: Lauge Vammen, Søren Rahbek, Niels Secher, Jonas Agerlund Povlsen, Niels Jessen, Bo Løfgren and Asger Granfeldt

Bioenergetic bypass using cell-permeable succinate, but not methylene blue, attenuates metformin-induced lactate production

Metformin is the most common pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes. It is considered safe but has been associated with the development of lactic acidosis under circumstances where plasma concentrations...

Authors: Sarah Piel, Johannes K. Ehinger, Imen Chamkha, Eleonor Åsander Frostner, Fredrik Sjövall, Eskil Elmér and Magnus J. Hansson

Evaluation of end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a predictor of volume responsiveness in spontaneously breathing healthy adults

Methods to guide fluid therapy in spontaneously breathing patients are scarce. No studies have reported the accuracy of end-tidal CO₂ (ET-CO₂) to predict volume responsiveness in these patients. We sought to eval...

Authors: María C. Arango-Granados, Virginia Zarama Córdoba, Andrés M. Castro Llanos and Luis A. Bustamante Cristancho

Body temperature and mouse scoring systems as surrogate markers of death in cecal ligation and puncture sepsis

Despite increasing ethical standards for conducting animal research, death is still often used as an endpoint in mouse sepsis studies. Recently, the Murine Sepsis Score (MSS), Mouse Clinical Assessment Score f...

Authors: Safiah H. C. Mai, Neha Sharma, Andrew C. Kwong, Dhruva J. Dwivedi, Momina Khan, Peter M. Grin, Alison E. Fox-Robichaud and Patricia C. Liaw

Ecological effects of cefepime use during antibiotic cycling on the Gram-negative enteric flora of ICU patients

This study examines the impact of cefepime and APP-β (antipseudomonal penicillin/ β-lactamase inhibitor combinations) on Gram-negative bacterial colonization and resistance in two Australian ICUs. While resist...

Authors: Carola Venturini, Andrew N. Ginn, Brooke E. Wilson, Guy Tsafnat, Ian Paulsen, Sally R. Partridge and Jonathan R. Iredell

A new way of monitoring mechanical ventilation by measurement of particle flow from the airways using Pexa method in vivo and during ex vivo lung perfusion in DCD lung transplantation

Different mechanical ventilation settings are known to affect lung preservation for lung transplantation. Measurement of particle flow in exhaled air may allow online assessment of the impact of ventilation be...

Authors: Ellen Broberg, Martiné Wlosinska, Lars Algotsson, Anna-Carin Olin, Darcy Wagner, Leif Pierre and Sandra Lindstedt