Articles

Effect of continuous dialysis on blood pH in acidemic hypercapnic animals with severe acute kidney injury: a randomized experimental study comparing high vs. low bicarbonate affluent

Controlling blood pH during acute ventilatory failure and hypercapnia in individuals suffering from severe acute kidney injury (AKI) and undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is of paramount i...

Authors: Thiago Gomes Romano, Luciano Cesar Pontes Azevedo, Pedro Vitale Mendes, Eduardo Leite Vieira Costa and Marcelo Park

Hyperoxia provokes a time- and dose-dependent inflammatory response in mechanically ventilated mice, irrespective of tidal volumes

Mechanical ventilation and hyperoxia have the potential to independently promote lung injury and inflammation. Our purpose was to study both time- and dose-dependent effects of supplemental oxygen in an experi...

Authors: Hendrik J. F. Helmerhorst, Laura R. A. Schouten, Gerry T. M. Wagenaar, Nicole P. Juffermans, Joris J. T. H. Roelofs, Marcus J. Schultz, Evert de Jonge and David J. van Westerloo

Assessment of endothelial cell function and physiological microcirculatory reserve by video microscopy using a topical acetylcholine and nitroglycerin challenge

Assessment of the microcirculation is a promising target for the hemodynamic management of critically ill patients. However, just as the sole reliance on macrocirculatory parameters, single static parameters o...

Authors: Matthias Peter Hilty, Jacqueline Pichler, Bulent Ergin, Urs Hefti, Tobias Michael Merz, Can Ince and Marco Maggiorini

The role of high airway pressure and dynamic strain on ventilator-induced lung injury in a heterogeneous acute lung injury model

Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes a heterogeneous lung injury with normal and acutely injured lung tissue in the same lung. Improperly adjusted mechanical ventilation can exacerbate ARDS causing a sec...

Authors: Sumeet V. Jain, Michaela Kollisch-Singule, Joshua Satalin, Quinn Searles, Luke Dombert, Osama Abdel-Razek, Natesh Yepuri, Antony Leonard, Angelika Gruessner, Penny Andrews, Fabeha Fazal, Qinghe Meng, Guirong Wang, Louis A. Gatto, Nader M. Habashi and Gary F. Nieman

Systemic and microcirculatory effects of blood transfusion in experimental hemorrhagic shock

The microvascular reperfusion injury after retransfusion has not been completely characterized. Specifically, the question of heterogeneity among different microvascular beds needs to be addressed. In addition...

Authors: Gonzalo Ferrara, Vanina S. Kanoore Edul, Héctor S. Canales, Enrique Martins, Carlos Canullán, Gastón Murias, Mario O. Pozo, Juan F. Caminos Eguillor, María G. Buscetti, Can Ince and Arnaldo Dubin

Improving animal welfare using continuous nalbuphine infusion in a long-term rat model of sepsis

Sepsis research relies on animal models to investigate the mechanisms of the dysregulated host response to infection. Animal welfare concerns request the use of potent analgesics for the Refinement of existing se...

Authors: Victor Jeger, Mattia Arrigo, Florian F. Hildenbrand, Daniel Müller, Paulin Jirkof, Till Hauffe, Burkhardt Seifert, Margarete Arras, Donat R. Spahn, Dominique Bettex and Alain Rudiger

The effects of hyperoxia on microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and production of vaso-active substances

Hyperoxia, an arterial oxygen pressure of more than 100 mmHg or 13% O₂, frequently occurs in hospitalized patients due to administration of supplemental oxygen. Increasing evidence suggests that hyperoxia induces...

Authors: Ilias Attaye, Yvo M. Smulders, Monique C. de Waard, Heleen M. Oudemans-van Straaten, Bob Smit, Michiel H. Van Wijhe, Rene J. Musters, Pieter Koolwijk and Angelique M. E. Spoelstra–de Man

Myocardial oxidative stress correlates with left ventricular dysfunction on strain echocardiography in a rodent model of sepsis

Recognition of cardiomyopathy in sepsis can be challenging due to the limitations of conventional measures such as ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in the context of variable preload and a...

Authors: Bereketeab Haileselassie, Erik Su, Iraklis Pozios, Diego F. Niño, Hongyun Liu, Dai-Yin Lu, Ioannis Ventoulis, William B. Fulton, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David Hackam, Brian O’Rourke and Theodore Abraham

Extracorporeal CO₂ removal by hemodialysis: in vitro model and feasibility

Critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often develop hypercapnia and require mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal ca...

Authors: Alexandra G. May, Ayan Sen, Matthew E. Cove, John A. Kellum and William J. Federspiel

Ultra-low-dose sequential computed tomography for quantitative lung aeration assessment—a translational study

Quantitative lung computed tomography (CT) provides fundamental information about lung aeration in critically ill patients. We tested a scanning protocol combining reduced number of CT slices and tube current,...

Authors: Lorenzo Ball, Anja Braune, Francesco Corradi, Claudia Brusasco, Alessandro Garlaschi, Thomas Kiss, Thomas Bluth, Francesca Simonassi, Alice Bergamaschi, Jörg Kotzerke, Marcus J. Schultz, Marcelo Gama de Abreu and Paolo Pelosi

Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis ameliorates sepsis in rats

Overwhelming activation of granulocytes and monocytes is central to inflammatory responses during sepsis. Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) is an extracorporeal leukocyte apheresis device fil...

Authors: Shuai Ma, Qingqing Xu, Bo Deng, Yin Zheng, Hongyan Tian, Li Wang and Feng Ding

Cardiovascular disease and resuscitated septic shock lead to the downregulation of the H₂S-producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase in the porcine coronary artery

Downregulation of the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-producing enzymes cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), and/or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) is associated with chronic cardiovas...

Authors: Tamara Merz, Tatjana Stenzel, Benedikt Nußbaum, Martin Wepler, Csaba Szabo, Rui Wang, Peter Radermacher and Oscar McCook

Proliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue in prolonged lean and obese critically ill patients

In prolonged non-obese critically ill patients, preservation of adipose tissue is prioritized over that of the skeletal muscle and coincides with increased adipogenesis. However, we recently demonstrated that ...

Authors: Chloë Goossens, Sarah Vander Perre, Greet Van den Berghe and Lies Langouche

Extracellular superoxide dismutase is necessary to maintain renal blood flow during sepsis development

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) protects nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by decreasing superoxide levels and preventing peroxynitrite generation, which is important in maintaining renal blood flow...

Authors: Larissa Constantino, Letícia Selinger Galant, Francieli Vuolo, Karla Lorena Guarido, Luiza Wilges Kist, Giovanna Medeiros Tavares de Oliveira, Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali, Cláudio Teodoro de Souza, José Eduardo da Silva-Santos, Maurício Reis Bogo, José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira, Cristiane Ritter and Felipe Dal-Pizzol

The role of calpains in ventilator-induced diaphragm atrophy

Controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) is associated with diaphragm dysfunction. Dysfunction results from muscle atrophy and injury of diaphragm muscle fibers. Enhanced proteolysis and reduced protein synthes...

Authors: Xiaoping Zhu, Hieronymus W. H. van Hees, Leo Heunks, Feifei Wang, Lei Shao, Jiaru Huang, Lei Shi and Shaolin Ma

Intraperitoneal adoptive transfer of mesenchymal stem cells enhances recovery from acid aspiration acute lung injury in mice

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might act as fine-tuners of inflammation during acute lung injury. We assessed the effects of adoptive transfer of MSCs in acid aspiration acute lung injury and explored the role ...

Authors: Tommaso Mauri, Vanessa Zambelli, Claudia Cappuzzello, Giacomo Bellani, Erica Dander, Marina Sironi, Vittoria Castiglioni, Andrea Doni, Alberto Mantovani, Andrea Biondi, Cecilia Garlanda, Giovanna D’amico and Antonio Pesenti

Experimental assessment of oxygen homeostasis during acute hemodilution: the integrated role of hemoglobin concentration and blood pressure

Low hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and low mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) impact outcomes in critically ill patients. We utilized an experimental model of “normotensive” vs. “hypotensive” acute hemodilution...

Authors: Tiffanie Kei, Nikhil Mistry, Albert K. Y. Tsui, Elaine Liu, Stephen Rogers, Allan Doctor, David F. Wilson, Jean-Francois Desjardins, Kim Connelly, C. David Mazer and Gregory M. T. Hare

The respiratory pressure—abdominal volume curve in a porcine model

Increasing intra-abdominal volume (IAV) can lead to intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) or abdominal compartment syndrome. Both are associated with raised morbidity and mortality. IAH can increase airway pressu...

Authors: Adrian Regli, Bart Leon De Keulenaer, Bhajan Singh, Lisen Emma Hockings, Bill Noffsinger and Peter Vernon van Heerden

Increased glucocorticoid receptor expression in sepsis is related to heat shock proteins, cytokines, and cortisol and is associated with increased mortality

The purposes of this study are to examine if the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) isoform-α mRNA and hGR protein expressions are deficient in the acute phase of sepsis (S) compared to systemic inflammatory ...

Authors: Konstantinos Vardas, Stavroula Ilia, Amalia Sertedaki, Evangelia Charmandari, Efrossini Briassouli, Dimitris Goukos, Kleovoulos Apostolou, Katerina Psarra, Efthimia Botoula, Stylianos Tsagarakis, Eleni Magira, Christina Routsi, Constantine A. Stratakis, Serafim Nanas and George Briassoulis

‘In a dark place, we find ourselves’: light intensity in critical care units

Intensive care units provide specialised care for critically ill patients around the clock. However, intensive care unit patients have disrupted circadian rhythms. Furthermore, disrupted circadian rhythms are ...

Authors: Hannah J. Durrington, Richard Clark, Ruari Greer, Franck P. Martial, John Blaikley, Paul Dark, Robert J. Lucas and David W. Ray

Personalizing mechanical ventilation according to physiologic parameters to stabilize alveoli and minimize ventilator induced lung injury (VILI)

It has been shown that mechanical ventilation in patients with, or at high-risk for, the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be a double-edged sword. If the mechanical breath is impro...

Authors: Gary F. Nieman, Joshua Satalin, Penny Andrews, Hani Aiash, Nader M. Habashi and Louis A. Gatto

Baseline thrombospondin-1 concentrations are not associated with mortality in septic patients: a single-center cohort study on the intensive care unit

The initial phase of sepsis is characterized by hyperinflammation. Levels of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) rise rapidly during acute inflammation. The purpose of this clinical study was to study the association bet...

Authors: Ruben J. van der Wekken, Hans Kemperman, Mark Roest and Dylan W. de Lange

Erratum to: Heparin-binding protein is important for vascular leak in sepsis

Authors: Peter Bentzer, Jane Fisher, HyeJin Julia Kong, Mattias Mörgelin, John H. Boyd, Keith R. Walley, James A. Russell and Adam Linder

Resuscitation fluid composition affects hepatic inflammation in a murine model of early sepsis

Fluid resuscitation is a crucial therapy for sepsis, and the use of balanced fluids and/or isotonic albumin may improve patient survival. We have previously demonstrated that resuscitation with normal saline r...

Authors: Amanda L. Patrick, Peter M. Grin, Nicole Kraus, Michelle Gold, Matthew Berardocco, Patricia C. Liaw and Alison E. Fox-Robichaud

The impact of hydrocortisone treatment on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin release in porcine endotoxemic shock

A key feature of sepsis is systemic inflammatory activation that could be counteracted by steroids. In this experimental model of systemic inflammation, we sought to investigate whether septic neutrophil activ...

Authors: E. Söderberg, M. Eriksson, A. Larsson and M. Lipcsey

Deletion of Nlrp3 protects from inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy

Critically ill patients develop atrophic muscle failure, which increases morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is activated early in sepsis. Whether IL-1β acts directly on muscle cells and whether it...

Authors: Nora Huang, Melanie Kny, Fabian Riediger, Katharina Busch, Sibylle Schmidt, Friedrich C. Luft, Hortense Slevogt and Jens Fielitz

Soluble Toll-like receptor 2 is a biomarker for sepsis in critically ill patients with multi-organ failure within 12 h of ICU admission

Soluble TLR2 levels are elevated in infective and inflammatory conditions, but its diagnostic value with sepsis-induced multi-organ failure has not been evaluated. 37 patients with a diagnosis of severe sepsis...

Authors: Benjamin Holst, Tamas Szakmany, Anne-Catherine Raby, Vincent Hamlyn, Kimberley Durno, Judith E. Hall and Mario O. Labéta

Neuroprotective effects of intravenous immunoglobulin are mediated through inhibition of complement activation and apoptosis in a rat model of sepsis

Intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (Ig) treatment is known to alleviate behavioral deficits and increase survival in the experimentally induced model of sepsis. To delineate the mechanisms by which IVIg treatment...

Authors: Figen Esen, Gunseli Orhun, Perihan Ergin Ozcan, Evren Senturk, Melike Kucukerden, Murat Giris, Ugur Akcan, Canan Ugur Yilmaz, Nurcan Orhan, Nadir Arican, Mehmet Kaya, Sema Bilgic Gazioglu and Erdem Tuzun

From theory to bench confirmation or from bench to theory

In this commentary, the authors discuss two possible approaches in experimental studies. The first approach is to replicate an experimentation in order to confirm or not previously published results. The secon...

Authors: Julien Demiselle, Frauke Tillmans, Andreas Koch, Peter Radermacher and Pierre Asfar

Effects of volume resuscitation on the microcirculation in animal models of lipopolysaccharide sepsis: a systematic review

Recent research has identified an increased rate of mortality associated with fluid bolus therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock, but the mechanisms are still not well understood. Fluid resuscitation thera...

Authors: Nchafatso G. Obonyo, Jonathon P. Fanning, Angela S. Y. Ng, Leticia P. Pimenta, Kiran Shekar, David G. Platts, Kathryn Maitland and John F. Fraser

Comparison of an automatic analysis and a manual analysis of conjunctival microcirculation in a sheep model of haemorrhagic shock

Life-threatening diseases of critically ill patients are known to derange microcirculation. Automatic analysis of microcirculation would provide a bedside diagnostic tool for microcirculatory disorders and all...

Authors: Philip-Helge Arnemann, Michael Hessler, Tim Kampmeier, Andrea Morelli, Hugo Karel Van Aken, Martin Westphal, Sebastian Rehberg and Christian Ertmer

Critical role of endogenous histamine in promoting end-organ tissue injury in sepsis

Histamine assumes an important role as a major mediator in various pathologic disorders associated with inflammation and immune reactions. However, the involvement of histamine in the pathological conditions a...

Authors: Mizuki Hattori, Mitsuaki Yamazaki, Wakana Ohashi, Satoshi Tanaka, Kohshi Hattori, Kenichiro Todoroki, Toshio Fujimori, Hiroshi Ohtsu, Naoyuki Matsuda and Yuichi Hattori

Comparison between effects of pressure support and pressure-controlled ventilation on lung and diaphragmatic damage in experimental emphysema

In patients with emphysema, invasive mechanical ventilation settings should be adjusted to minimize hyperinflation while reducing respiratory effort and providing adequate gas exchange. We evaluated the impact...

Authors: Gisele de A. Padilha, Lucas F. B. Horta, Lillian Moraes, Cassia L. Braga, Milena V. Oliveira, Cíntia L. Santos, Isalira P. Ramos, Marcelo M. Morales, Vera Luiza Capelozzi, Regina C. S. Goldenberg, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Paolo Pelosi, Pedro L. Silva and Patricia R. M. Rocco

Exploring alternative routes for oxygen administration

Hypoxemia may compromise cell metabolism and organ function. Supplemental oxygen (O₂) at high concentrations may prove ineffective, and issues relating to hyperoxia, barotrauma, mechanical ventilation, and extrac...

Authors: Elisa Damiani, Alex Dyson, Lucia Zacchetti, Abele Donati and Mervyn Singer

Heparin-binding protein is important for vascular leak in sepsis

Elevated plasma levels of heparin-binding protein (HBP) are associated with risk of organ dysfunction and mortality in sepsis, but little is known about causality and mechanisms of action of HBP. The objective...

Authors: Peter Bentzer, Jane Fisher, HyeJin Julia Kong, Mattias Mörgelin, John H. Boyd, Keith R. Walley, James A. Russell and Adam Linder

ESICM LIVES 2016: part one

Authors: L. Bos, L. Schouten, L. van Vught, M. Wiewel, D. Ong, O. Cremer, A. Artigas, I. Martin-Loeches, A. Hoogendijk, T. van der Poll, J. Horn, N. Juffermans, M. Schultz, N. de Prost, T. Pham, G. Carteaux…

A new approach to selective brain cooling by a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube

Target temperature management is the single most effective intervention and the gold standard in post-resuscitation care today. However, cooling the whole body below 33–34 °C can cause severe complications. Th...

Authors: Mohammad Fazel Bakhsheshi, Yong Wang, Lynn Keenliside and Ting-Yim Lee

Plasmadiafiltration ameliorating gut mucosal barrier dysfunction and improving survival in porcine sepsis models

The object of this study is to explore whether the plasmadiafiltration (PDF) is more effective in improving the intestinal mucosal barrier function by removing more key large molecular inflammatory mediators a...

Authors: Ming Xin Li, Jun Feng Liu, Jian Da Lu, Ying Zhu, Ding Wei Kuang, Jian Bing Xiang, Peng Sun, Wei Wang, Jun Xue, Yong Gu and Chuan Ming Hao

ESICM LIVES 2016: part two

Authors: S. Sivakumar, F. S. Taccone, K. A. Desai, C. Lazaridis, M. Skarzynski, M. Sekhon, W. Henderson, D. Griesdale, L. Chapple, A. Deane, L. Williams, R. Strickland, K. Lange, D. Heyland, M. Chapman, M. J. Rowland…

ESICM LIVES 2016: part three

Authors: T. Velasquez, G. Mackey, J. Lusk, U. G. Kyle, T. Fontenot, P. Marshall, L. S. Shekerdemian, J. A. Coss-Bu, A. Nishigaki, T. Yatabe, T. Tamura, K. Yamashita, M. Yokoyama, J. C. Ruiz-Rodriguez, B. Encina, R. Belmonte…

Effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation in resuscitation fluids on renal microcirculatory oxygenation, inflammation, and function in a rat model of endotoxemia

Modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress appears to limit sepsis-induced damage in experimental models. The kidney is one of the most sensitive organs to injury during septic shock. In this study, we ev...

Authors: Bulent Ergin, Philippe Guerci, Lara Zafrani, Frank Nocken, Asli Kandil, Ebru Gurel-Gurevin, Cihan Demirci-Tansel and Can Ince

Transpulmonary and pleural pressure in a respiratory system model with an elastic recoiling lung and an expanding chest wall

We have shown in acute lung injury patients that lung elastance can be determined by a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) step procedure and proposed that this is explained by the spring-out force of the ...

Authors: Per Persson, Stefan Lundin and Ola Stenqvist

The effects of early high-volume hemofiltration on prolonged cardiac arrest in rats with reperfusion by cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized controlled animal study

It is not yet clear whether hemofiltration can reduce blood cytokine levels sufficiently to benefit patients who suffer prolonged cardiac arrest (CA) treated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We sought to ass...

Authors: Koichiro Shinozaki, Joshua W. Lampe, Junhwan Kim, Tai Yin, Tong Da, Shigeto Oda, Hiroyuki Hirasawa and Lance B. Becker

Gentisic acid sodium salt, a phenolic compound, is superior to norepinephrine in reversing cardiovascular collapse, hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and lactic acidemia in Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock in dogs

The development of lactic acidemia (LA) in septic shock (SS) is associated with an ominous prognosis. We previously showed that the mechanism of LA in SS may relate to impaired hepatic uptake of lactate, but t...

Authors: Steven Mink, Subir K. Roy Chowdhury, Jose Gotes, Zhao-Qin Cheng, Krika Kasian and Paul Fernyhough

Endothelial bioreactor system ameliorates multiple organ dysfunction in septic rats

The endothelium is a potentially valuable target for sepsis therapy. We have previously studied an extracorporeal endothelial cell therapy system, called the endothelial bioreactor (EBR), which prolonged the s...

Authors: Shuai Ma, Yuli Lin, Bo Deng, Yin Zheng, Chuanming Hao, Rui He and Feng Ding

Sepsis modeling in mice: ligation length is a major severity factor in cecal ligation and puncture

The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, a gold standard in sepsis research, is associated with an important variability in mortality. While the number of punctures and needle size is well described in CLP...

Authors: Stéphanie Ruiz, Fanny Vardon-Bounes, Virginie Merlet-Dupuy, Jean-Marie Conil, Marie Buléon, Olivier Fourcade, Ivan Tack and Vincent Minville

Transcriptional reprogramming of metabolic pathways in critically ill patients

Critical illness causes a shift away from mitochondrial metabolism towards a greater dependence on glycolysis. This metabolic shift is thought to be associated with lactic acidosis, organ dysfunction and poor ...

Authors: Marek Nalos, Grant Parnell, Robert Robergs, David Booth, Anthony S. McLean and Benjamin M. Tang

The effect of plasma from septic ICU patients on healthy rat muscle mitochondria

Although sepsis-induced organ failure is a major cause of death in ICU worldwide, the associated mitochondrial dysfunction is not fully characterized and there is presently no evidence of causality. In this st...

Authors: Jonathan Grip, Towe Jakobsson, Nicolas Tardif and Olav Rooyackers

Modulatory effects of vagal stimulation on neurophysiological parameters and the cellular immune response in the rat brain during systemic inflammation

Stimulation of the vagus nerve has modulating, anti-inflammatory effects on the cellular immune response in the blood and the spleen, stabilizing brain function. Here, we aimed to investigate its potential eff...

Authors: Hanna Schweighöfer, Christoph Rummel, Joachim Roth and Bernhard Rosengarten

Erratum to: Left ventricular function during porcine-resuscitated septic shock with pre-existing atherosclerosis

Authors: Benedikt L. Nußbaum, Oscar McCook, Clair Hartmann, José Matallo, Martin Wepler, Elena Antonucci, Miriam Kalbitz, Markus Huber-Lang, Michael Georgieff, Enrico Calzia, Peter Radermacher and Sebastian Hafner