- Poster presentation
- Open access
- Published:
Endotoxemia analysis in the postoperative period following cardiac surgery
Intensive Care Medicine Experimental volume 3, Article number: A106 (2015)
Introduction
Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide in the membrane of gram negative bacilli, and is known to be one of the most potent activators of the inflammatory response in humans. In patients subjected to cardiac surgery, transient endotoxemia has been shown in many occasions, which seems to be closely related to extracorporeal circulation. The magnitude of endotoxemia, the high risk criteria and correlation with clinical evolution vary widely between studies.
Objectives
To examine the prevalence of endotoxemia related to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in a cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, using the Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA). High risk criteria of endotoxemia were also investigated.
Methods
EAA assay was performed within two hours of ICU admission in a prospective observational study. An EAA of < 0.40 units was judged as "low”, and ≥0.40 units as "high". Data collected included patient's demographics, cardiac history, EuroSCORE and intra-operative data collected included bypass time and the aortic cross clamp time, drugs and transfusions.
Results
A total of 107 patients were enrolled. The median age was 66 years (36-87), most were males (69%), 38% had diabetes, 71% hypertension, 12% peripheral vascular disease, 11% chronic renal failure and 21% were active smokers. Median EuroSCORE I was 6 (0-16). Out of 107, 99 were elective, 5 urgent and 3 emergent cardiac surgeries. 73 were valve replacement, 38 coronary vascular diseases, 12 aortic disease and 21 combined surgery. The median CPB time was 95 (24-300) and cross clamp time 68 (17-175) minutes. 37% required blood transfusion. 88% required norepinephrine, 49% dobutamine and 17% epinephrine. Only 24 patients had EAA≥0.4 EA. We found a significant relation between peripheral vascular disease (OR 5,28(1,57-18,42), p = 0,0070) and more red blood packs transfusion with higher EAA levels (OR 1,57 (1,06-3,06), p = 0,06). On the other hand the rest of variables (demographics, cardiac history, EuroSCORE and intra-operative variables) were similar in both groups.
Conclusions
The results of the study indicate that in postoperative cardiac surgery there is endotoxemia at least in moderate degree. As risk factors, we found that patients with peripheral vascular disease and those who had been transfused with more red blood packs during surgery were at increased risk of endotoxemia.
References
Marshall JC, Foster D, Vincent JL, Cook DJ, Cohen J, Dellinger RP, Opal S, Abraham E, Brett SJ, Smith T, Mehta S, Derzko A, Romaschin A: Diagnostic and prognostic implications of endotoxemia in critical illness: results of the MEDIC study. J Infect Dis, United States. 2004, 190: 527-34. 10.1086/422254.
Klein DJ, Briet F, Nisenbaum R, Romaschin AD, Mazer CD: Endotoxemia related to cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with increased risk of infection after cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. Crit Care, England. 2011, 15: R69-10.1186/cc10051.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Campos Gómez, A., Tomasa Irriguible, T., Cámara Rosell, M. et al. Endotoxemia analysis in the postoperative period following cardiac surgery. ICMx 3 (Suppl 1), A106 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A106
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2197-425X-3-S1-A106