Fig. 2

Proteomic analysis results for protein abundance according to neurological outcome. a Heatmap of the significantly abundant proteins at 24, 48 and 72 h after return of spontaneous circulation for poor vs. good neurological outcome. Positive log₂-fold change (FC) indicates elevated proteins (red colour) in patients with poor outcome when compared with good outcome patients. Negative log₂(FC) indicates reduced proteins (blue colour) in poor outcome compared with good outcome patients. b-d Volcano plots for the differential abundance of proteins for neurological outcome at 24 h (b), 48 h (c) and 72 h (d), respectively. Positive log₂(FC) indicates good outcome, negative log₂(FC) indicates poor outcome. Statistically significant proteins (adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05) and regulated proteins (absolute log₂(FC) > 1) are labelled in red. Proteins with a significant adjusted p-value with a log₂(FC) between − 1 and 1 are labelled in yellow, and statistically non-significant proteins with an absolute log₂(FC) < − 1 or > 1 are labelled in green. Individual protein descriptions with their biological functions are presented in Additional file 4: Table S1. AFM afamin; AGT angiotensinogen; ASL argininosuccinate lyase; B2M beta-2-microglobulin; C3 complement C3; C7 complement component C7; CCL14 C–C motif chemokine 14; CFD complement factor D; CHGA chromogranin-A; CHI3L1 chitinase-3-like protein 1; CST3 cystatin-C; EFEMP1-EGF containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1; FETUB fetuin-B; FGA fibrinogen alpha chain; FGB fibrinogen beta chain; FGG fibrinogen gamma chain; GPLD1 phosphatidylinositol-glycan-specific phospholipase D; GSN gelsolin; IGFBP2 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2; IGFBP4 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4; IGHV3-13 immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-13; IGHV3-23 immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-23; ITIH1 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1; ITIH2 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2; ITIH3 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3; KLKB1 plasma kallikrein; LCN2 neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; LPA apolipoprotein (a); NIBAN protein Niban 3; PEPD Xaa-Pro dipeptidase; PLA2G7 platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase; PLG plasminogen; PROS vitamin K-dependent protein S; RNASE1 ribonuclease pancreatic; SBSN suprabasin; SERPINA3 alpha-1-antichymotrypsin; SERPINA4 kallistatin; SFTPB pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B; TNXB tenascin-X; UBB/UBC polyubiquitin-B/polyubiquitin-C