Fig. 2
Copyright permission from Rajagopalan S, Sarwal A. Neuromonitoring in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2023 Apr 1;51(4):525–542
Conceptual framework of various neuromonitoring devices based on the model of “a house”. Structural assessments of brain parenchyma include pupillometry and neuro-radiology modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Plumbing or cerebral hemodynamic assessments include brain tissue perfusion monitors, transcranial Doppler, and near-infrared spectroscopy. This may also include vascular Imaging such as CT angiography and CT perfusion (not shown) and intracranial pressure monitors. An assessment of the electrical compartment may include electroencephalography,somatosensory evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity/electromyography. Assessment of neurochemistry make constitute the last compartment, including cerebral micro dialysis and serum and cerebro spinal fluid biomarkers.