Fig. 1
From: Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapies for severe ARDS with ECMO: a review
Mechanism, existing problems and solutions of ECMO combined with MSCs in the treatment of severe ARDS. Current treatment strategies for ARDS, and the interaction, problems and solutions of ECMO combined with MSCs in the treatment of severe ARDS. ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ACT activated clotting time, MOs membrane oxygenators, KGF keratinocyte growth factor, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, Ang-1 angiopoietin-1, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, PGE2 prostaglandin E2, IL interleukin, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, FGF-7 fibroblast growth factor 7, PGE1 prostaglandin E1, NETs neutrophil extracellular traps, TSG6 tumor necrosis factor-alphastimulated gene 6, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1, LL-37 leucine leucine 37