Fig. 1

A schematic overview of the bench test setup for pediatric non-invasive ventilation simulation with details on the test head model (A) and the personalized mask (B). The personalized mask consist of a frame, frame ring, holder and a personalized cushion. The mask is placed on the accompanying test head model, which contains facial pressure components that follow the outline of the ventilation mask. The pressure sensors underneath the components are connected to the laptop through a microcontroller (Arduino). The test head model has a 3-mm silicon layer to create an airtight connection to the mechanical lung simulator. The mask is connected to the ventilator, which directly provides information on the inspiration (insp) and expiration (exp) volumes, flows and pressures (P) to the laptop for data collection