Santos [12]
|
Sepsis
|
72 h (Dx sepsis); 48 h (organ failure); onset of septic shock
|
2 (7 days)
|
1 A,B,C
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils is increased in sepsis, and [it] is associated with poor outcome
|
Gorgulu [19]
|
Trauma
|
24 h (Hosp Adm)
|
1
|
2 A,B,C
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Fas stimulation of septic neutrophils promotes apoptosis and inhibits functionality, partially by non-apoptotic signalling
|
Bruns [13]
|
Sepsis (cirrhotics)
|
24 h (Hosp Adm)
|
1
|
5
|
Y
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
[Within cirrhotic patients] augmented neutrophil ROS release in response to E. coli…becomes exhausted in the presence of infection
|
Shih [20]
|
Trauma
|
24 h (Hosp Adm)
|
2 (3 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Plasma migration inhibitory factor is one of the important factors responsible for early neutrophil activation
|
Kasten [21]
|
Trauma
|
48 to 72 h (Post-trauma)
|
1
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Following trauma, there are concurrent and divergent immunological responses…hyper-inflammatory response by the innate arm…and hypo-inflammatory response by the adaptive arm
|
Valente [22]
|
Trauma
|
48 h (Hosp Adm)
|
3 (5 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Injury results in differences in innate immune function in the elderly when compared with controls
|
Kawasaki [26]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
5 (4 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
The innate immune system is suppressed from the early period of upper abdominal surgery
|
Frohlich [27]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
2 (end of anaesth)
|
N
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Y
|
Y
|
[This study demonstrates] suppression of neutrophil function by propofol in vitro [but not] in vivo
|
Martins [14]
|
Sepsis
|
48 h (ICU Adm)
|
1
|
1 B,C
|
Y
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Neutrophil function is enhanced in patients with sepsis
|
Barth [15]
|
Sepsis
|
?
|
6 (5 days)
|
1C (>4d)
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Endogenous G-CSF increases neutrophil function in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
|
Mariano [16]
|
Sepsis (renal replacement therapy)
|
?
|
4 (1 day)
|
1, B,D
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Sera from septic patients [demonstrate] an enhanced priming activity on neutrophils [that is] reduced by ultrafiltration
|
Quaid [23]
|
Trauma
|
24 h (Hosp Adm)
|
1
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
[After severe trauma] IL-8 and GROα lose the ability to regulate the TNFα induced respiratory burst
|
Wiezer [28]
|
Elective surgery
|
Pre-insult
|
5 (7 days)
|
“clinical criteria”
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Patients undergoing liver resection have an increased activation of leukocytes compared with other major abdominal surgery [that is partially reversed] by endotoxin neutralisation…with rBPI21
|
Ahmed [17]
|
Sepsis
|
72 h (Proof of infection)
|
1
|
1 A,B
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Septic patients deliver fewer neutrophils to secondary inflammatory sites
|
Shih [29]
|
Trauma/Surgery
|
24 h (Hosp adm)
|
3+ (7 days)
|
1 A,B,C
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
Y
|
Surgery after [trauma] has no effect on the priming of neutrophils
|
Ertel [24]
|
Trauma
|
24 h (Hosp adm)
|
2 (3 days)
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Y
|
N
|
Severe trauma stimulates acute-phase priming in neutrophils
|
Ogura [25]
|
Trauma
|
24 h (Post-trauma)
|
4 + 1 (21 days)
|
2 A B C
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Severe trauma stimulates acute-phase priming in neutrophils
|
Pascual [18]
|
Sepsis
|
24 h (ICU adm)
|
1
|
1 A C
|
Y
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Plasma of septic patients may have a profound effect on neutrophil response [and] differentiates between sepsis and non-sepsis samples
|