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Table 1

From: Psychotropic Drug Use Before And During Physical Restraint For Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adults

Drug therapy [n (%)] (N = 93)

pre-PR

post-PR

P

Any psychotropic drug intervention

52 (56)

80 (86)

< 0.01

a) New drug/increase b)Drug stop/decrease

a) 42 (45) b) 10 (11)

a) 69 (74) b) 11 (12)

a) < 0.01 b) 1.00

No change

23 (25)

7 (8)

< 0.01

No psychotropic drug

18 (19)

6 (6)

< 0.01

Drug class (received >1 drug)

Opioids

19 (20)

50 (54)

< 0.01

Non-benzodiazepine sedatives

22 (24)

27 (29)

0.44

Benzodiazepines

20 (22)

29 (31)

0.18

Antipsychotics

4 (4)

10 (11)

0.11