Systolic left ventricular function is preserved during therapeutic hypothermia, also during increases in heart rate with impaired diastolic filling

Kerans, Viesturs; Espinoza, Andreas; Skulstad, Helge; Halvorsen, Per Steinar; Edvardsen, Thor; Bugge, Jan Frederik

doi:10.1186/s40635-015-0041-6

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 1 Hemodynamic and systolic variables

From: Systolic left ventricular function is preserved during therapeutic hypothermia, also during increases in heart rate with impaired diastolic filling

	Spontaneous heart rate			Paced heart rate (100)			Paced heart rate (120)			Paced heart rate (140)
Variable	38°C	33°C	p	38°C	33°C	p	38°C	33°C	p	38°C
Heart rate (bpm)	87 ± 10	76 ± 11	<0.001	100 ± 0	100 ± 0		120 ± 0	120 ± 0		140 ± 0
CO (l/min)	4.8 ± 0.8	3.7 ± 0.7	<0.001	5.3 ± 0.6	4.0 ± 0.8*	<0.001	5.6 ± 0.7**	3.5 ± 1.1	<0.001	5.5 ± 0.7**
SV (ml)	54 ± 7	49 ± 10	0.09	53 ± 6	40 ± 8**	<0.001	47 ± 6**	29 ± 10**	<0.001	39 ± 5**
EF (%)	69 ± 9	66 ± 11	0.40	70 ± 10	62 ± 10*	0.12	67 ± 8	50 ± 16**	<0.001	61 ± 5**
MAP (mmHg)	62 ± 9	54 ± 9	0.016	65 ± 9	54 ± 7	0.008	66 ± 8	52 ± 9	<0.001	66 ± 10
SVR (dyn × s/cm⁵)	900 ± 165	978 ± 179	0.26	866 ± 118*	934 ± 144	0.58	840 ± 143*	1047 ± 387	<0.01	843 ± 172*
pLVP (mmHg)	85 ± 7	68 ± 10	<0.001	85 ± 7	67 ± 10	<0.001	84 ± 6	64 ± 11**	<0.001	83 ± 7
dp/dt_max (mmHg/s)	1372 ± 494	1111± 381	0.02	1303 ± 199	1153 ± 316	0.01	1337 ± 321	1203 ± 361	0.05	1294 ± 293
ESP (mmHg)	43 ± 7	33 ± 8	0.005	44 ± 6	30 ± 8*	<0.001	41 ± 7	29 ± 7*	<0.001	40 ± 10*
Ea (mmHg/ml)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.2	0.002	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.3	0.009	0.9 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.3*	0.84	1.2 ± 0.4**
Strain_l (%)	−19.7 ± 2.6	−18.3 ± 3.8	0.21	−19.1 ± 3.8	−14.8 ± 2.4**	<0.001	−16.4 ± 2.6**	−12.7 ± 3.4**	<0.001	−13.2 ± 2.6**
Strain_c (%)	−18.6 ± 3.8	−17.2 ± 3.4	0.21	−17.6 ± 3.0	−14.3 ± 3.3**	0.007	−15.2 ± 2.4**	−12.1 ± 3.1**	0.004	−12.7 ± 2.1**
S′ (cm/s)	1.1 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.2	<0.001	1.1 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.2	<0.001	1.1 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.3	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.4
SysD (ms)	338 ± 17	465 ± 32	<0.001	322 ± 12**	397 ± 32**	<0.001	301 ± 19**	368 ± 28**	<0.001	274 ± 22**
ESWth (mm)	14.5 ± 1.9	15.2 ± 1.8	0.01	14.7 ± 1.8	15.2 ± 2.0	0.1	14.9 ± 1.8	15.8 ± 2.2	0.006	14.3 ± 1.9
P-Wth loop (mm × mmHg)	14 ± 5	11 ± 5	0.016	12 ± 5*	8 ± 4**	0.001	11 ± 4**	6 ± 3**	<0.001	9 ± 3**

Values are expressed as mean ± SD. *p ≤ 0.05 for comparison with spontaneous heart rate within temperature level. **p ≤ 0.01 for comparison with spontaneous heart rate within temperature level. CO, cardiac output; SV, stroke volume; EF, ejection fraction; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; pLVP, peak left ventricular pressure; ESP, end-systolic pressure Ea, arterial elastance; Strain_l, longitudinal strain; Strain_c, circumferential strain; S′, peak systolic wall thickening velocity; SysD, systolic duration; ESWth, end-systolic wall thickness; P-Wth loop, left ventricular pressure-wall thickness loop area.

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