Spontaneous heart rate | Paced heart rate (100) | Paced heart rate (120) | Paced heart rate (140) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | 38°C | 33°C | p | 38°C | 33°C | p | 38°C | 33°C | p | 38°C |
EDP (mmHg) | 10 ± 3 | 12 ± 2 | 0.004 | 10 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 0.09 | 10 ± 2 | 13 ± 4 | 0.002 | 12 ± 3 |
EDV (ml) | 79 ± 10 | 75 ± 11 | 0.26 | 77 ± 11 | 64 ± 9** | 0.002 | 69 ± 8** | 57 ± 6** | <0.001 | 64 ± 8** |
EDWth (mm) | 10.6 ±1.5 | 11.1 ± 1.5 | 0.003 | 11.0 ± 1.4** | 11.9 ± 2.0* | 0.02 | 11.1 ± 1.5** | 12.4 ± 2.2** | 0.02 | 11.0 ± 2.0** |
Tau (s) | 31 ± 6 | 54 ± 12 | <0.001 | 35 ± 8 | 61 ± 18 | 0.001 | 29 ± 4 | 53 ± 13 | <0.001 | 29 ± 4 |
dp/dtmin (mmHg/s) | −1385 ± 529 | −742 ± 328 | <0.001 | −1190 ± 437 | −773 ± 257 | 0.005 | −1324 ± 426 | −670 ± 332** | <0.001 | −1476 ± 555 |
e' (cm/s) | −2.5 ± 0.9 | −1.6 ± 0.7 | 0.002 | −2.3 ± 0.5 | −1.9 ± 0.6 | |||||
DD (ms) | 319 ± 79 | 299 ± 88 | 0.26 | 281 ± 11* | 199 ± 35** | <0.001 | 199 ± 14** | 142 ± 25** | <0.001 | 148 ± 23** |
DD/CycleD | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.47 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.04** | <0.001 | 0.40 ± 0.03** | 0.28 ± 0.05** | <0.001 | 0.34 ± 0.05** |
3.5tau/DD | 0.36 ± 0.11 | 0.72 ± 0.35 | 0.001 | 0.44 ± 0.10** | 1.10 ± 0.32** | <0.001 | 0.52 ± 0.09** | 1.38 ± 0.49** | <0.001 | 0.69 ± 0.15** |