Baseline | Pleural effusion | Recovery | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2a | |||||||||
Fluid load (mL/kg) | – | – | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 120 |
LVEDA (cm2) | 11.8 ± 1.1 | 10.1 ± 1.0a | 11.4 ± 1.2b | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 11.7 ± 1.1 | 11.9 ± 1.3 | 11.7 ± 1.5 | 12.0 ± 1.6c | 12.4 ± 1.4 |
LVESA (cm2) | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.9a | 6.4 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 6.6 ± 0.8c | 7.3 ± 1.4 |
IVCDia (cm) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2c | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
dIVC (%) | 7 ± 7 | 8 ± 9 | 6 ± 5 | 6 ± 5 | 4 ± 6 | 8 ± 9 | 7 ± 5 | 12 ± 12 | 9 ± 7 |
CVP (mmHg) | 4 ± 3 | 8 ± 4a | 14 ± 8 | 14 ± 7 | 14 ± 7 | 15 ± 7 | 16 ± 7 | 12 ± 4c | 8 ± 4d |
Afterload (mmHg) | 190 ± 44 | 141 ± 32a | 189 ± 62b | 191 ± 65 | 182 ± 42 | 182 ± 38 | 186 ± 36 | 186 ± 21c | 188 ± 32 |
LVFAC (%) | 33 ± 5 | 42 ± 9a | 43 ± 9 | 43 ± 7 | 43 ± 6 | 43 ± 9 | 43 ± 5 | 44 ± 6 | 40 ± 9d |
MAP (mmHg) | 77 ± 12 | 65 ± 14a | 74 ± 16b | 78 ± 15 | 78 ± 13 | 78 ± 12 | 77 ± 12 | 78 ± 12c | 76 ± 21 |
CO (L/min) | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3a | 2.3 ± 0.5b | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3c | 2.6 ± 0.4 |
HR (bpm) | 64 ± 9 | 69 ± 25 | 64 ± 18 | 66 ± 19 | 66 ± 16 | 66 ± 14 | 64 ± 12 | 64 ± 13 | 63 ± 13 |
LVEDP (mmHg) | 8 ± 4 | 11 ± 3 | 17 ± 7 | 17 ± 8 | 17 ± 4 | 17 ± 3 | 18 ± 3 | 17 ± 3c | 13 ± 2d |
PPV (%) | 9 ± 1 | 12 ± 4 | 9 ± 3b | 8 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 2c | 7 ± 2 |
PaO2 (kPa) | 33 ± 2 | 12 ± 4a | 12 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 13 ± 4 | 13 ± 5 | 16 ± 4 | 18 ± 4c | 27 ± 4d |
2b | |||||||||
Norepinephrine (μg/kg/min) | – | – | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
LVEDA (cm2) | 10.8 ± 1.0 | 9.3 ± 1.2a | 10.0 ± 0.7 | 10.2 ± 1.4 | 10.4 ± 0.9b | 10.5 ± 1.3 | 10.2 ± 1.2 | 9.9 ± 0.9c | 10.5 ± 1.3 |
LVESA (cm2) | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 0.6a | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 1.0b | 5.9 ± 0.8 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.0c | 5.4 ± 1.2d |
IVCDia (cm) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2d |
dIVC (%) | 12 ± 11 | 9 ± 7 | 6 ± 7 | 8 ± 9 | 7 ± 7 | 8 ± 5 | 7 ± 8 | 6 ± 4 | 5 ± 7 |
CVP (mmHg) | 4 ± 4 | 8 ± 4a | 8 ± 5 | 8 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 9 ± 5 | 9 ± 5 | 7 ± 4 | 6 ± 4d |
Afterload (mmHg) | 169 ± 42 | 131 ± 22a | 140 ± 35 | 153 ± 33b | 169 ± 32 | 181 ± 46 | 169 ± 44 | 162 ± 36c | 168 ± 31 |
LVFAC (%) | 39 ± 7 | 42 ± 8 | 42 ± 6 | 37 ± 9 | 43 ± 8 | 43 ± 7 | 48 ± 8 | 48 ± 10c | 48 ± 8 |
MAP (mmHg) | 72 ± 10 | 57 ± 9a | 59 ± 7 | 62 ± 9 | 69 ± 12b | 74 ± 19 | 81 ± 17 | 79 ± 14c | 77 ± 12 |
CO (L/min) | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 0.9c | 4.0 ± 0.7d |
HR (bpm) | 60 ± 5 | 64 ± 11 | 63 ± 14 | 68 ± 13 | 72 ± 19 | 74 ± 16 | 82 ± 22 | 87 ± 17 | 97 ± 22 |
LVEDP (mmHg) | 9 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 14 ± 5 | 14 ± 6 | 11 ± 5d |
PPV (%) | 11 ± 4 | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 9 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 4 | 11 ± 3 | 11 ± 4 |
PaO2 (kPa) | 32 ± 4 | 12 ± 4a | 12 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | 11 ± 4 | 12 ± 5 | 11 ± 4 | 11 ± 6 | 27 ± 6d |
2c | |||||||||
Control | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
LVEDA (cm2) | 12.2 ± 0.6 | 10.3 ± 1.3a | 10.6 ± 1.3 | 10.4 ± 1.3 | 10.7 ± 1.3 | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 10.2 ± 1.5 | 10.4 ± 1.5 | 12.1 ± 1.0d |
LVESA (cm2) | 7.3 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 1.0d |
IVCDia (cm) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
dIVC (%) | 8 ± 7 | 4 ± 6 | 7 ± 8 | 3 ± 5 | 5 ± 7 | 5 ± 6 | 2 ± 4 | 8 ± 7 | 14 ± 8d |
CVP (mmHg) | 3 ± 1 | 6 ± 1a | 7 ± 2b | 6 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 2 | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 5 ± 2 |
Afterload (mmHg) | 180 ± 40 | 132 ± 58 | 138 ± 39 | 136 ± 26 | 122 ± 33 | 144 ± 37 | 120 ± 39 | 121 ± 23 | 144 ± 34d |
LVFAC (%) | 41 ± 9 | 44 ± 15 | 43 ± 6 | 41 ± 7 | 43 ± 9 | 45 ± 3 | 45 ± 5 | 43 ± 4 | 38 ± 7 |
MAP (mmHg) | 80 ± 12 | 56 ± 12a | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 6 | 58 ± 6 | 57 ± 5 | 57 ± 7 | 57 ± 5 | 61 ± 7 |
CO (L/min) | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.6 |
HR (bpm) | 65 ± 9 | 58 ± 8 | 60 ± 9 | 61 ± 9 | 62 ± 10 | 59 ± 10 | 60 ± 9 | 58 ± 10 | 56 ± 8 |
LVEDP (mmHg) | 7 ± 3 | 8 ± 4 | 8 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 10 ± 2 | 9 ± 4 | 8 ± 2 | 9 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 |
PPV (%) | 14 ± 8 | 11 ± 3 | 10 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 1 | 11 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 | 11 ± 3 |
PaO2 (kPa) | 32 ± 2 | 11 ± 3a | 9 ± 3 | 14 ± 6 | 17 ± 7 | 15 ± 5 | 18 ± 7 | 18 ± 5c | 31 ± 2d |