Table 1 Physiological and laboratory variables

 Rectal temperature [°C]

37.4 (0.3)

38.5 (0.4)*

39.1 (1.3)*

38.1 (0.8)

0.003

 Heart rate [1/min]

346 (39)

383 (44)

444 (91)*

418 (41)

0.012

 Change in heart rate from baseline [1/min]

not applicable

− 71 (53)

78 (24)$¶

−19 (26)

< 0.001

 MAP [mmHg]

89 (13)

94 (20)

91 (19)

91 (15)

0.949

 PaO₂ [kPa]

9.63 (1.97)

9.62 (2.57)

9.21 (1.75)

8.96 (2.62)

0.946

 PaCO₂ [kPa]

5.07 (0.96)

5.50 (1.26)

5.21 (0.81)

7.12 (2.29)

0.089

 pH

7.38 (0.05)

7.40 (0.03)

7.43 (0.06)

7.36 (0.11)

0.406

 Base excess [mmol/L]

− 2.6 (4.7)

0.6 (5.4)

0.7 (3.0)

2.7 (2.4)

0.302

 Lactate [mmol/L]

1.0 (0.3)

1.2 (0.2)¶

1.6 (0.7)

1.9 (0.8) £

0.014

 Glucose [mmol/L]

13.0 (1.7)

12.6 (2.8)

15.6 (2.5)

11.3 (1.4)

0.055

 Hematocrit [%]

34 (3)

34 (7)

45 (4)*$

37 (7)

0.011

 Interleukin-1 beta [pg/mL]

72 (57–92)

129 (105–156)

332 (81–421)*¶

58 (19–91)

0.001

 Interleukin-6 [pg/mL]

0 (0–0)

236 (138–691)*

3062 (134–8190)*

109 (0–157)

< 0.001

 Interleukin-10 [pg/mL]

116 (59–149)

182 (155–493)

573 (114–1051)

258 (113–367)

0.027

 TNF alpha [pg/mL]

33 (0–49)

93 (63–154)*¶

135 (47–166)

35 (0–37)

< 0.001

 CXCL-1 [pg/mL]

195 (51–497)

877 (650–1492)*

1562 (580–1773)*

339 (111–454)

0.001

 MCP-1 [pg/mL]

1.6 (1.3–1.6)

4.9 (3.4–5.5)*

9.3 (3.1–14.4)*

5.4 (1.1–9.1)

0.001

 MIP-1 [pg/mL]

8 (8–14)

50 (15–150)*

262 (71–474)*¶

17 (1–21)

< 0.001

 Troponin [ng/mL]

0.0 (0.0–0.03)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.05)

0.0 (0.0–0.06)

0.152

 BNP [pg/mL]

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.3 (0.2–0.5)

0.0 (0.0–0.3)

1.0 (0.3–2.5)

0.099