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Table 1 Local pleural and corresponding transpulmonary pressures as measured by intra-pleural pressure sensors

From: Continuous external negative pressure improves oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in Experimental Lung Injury in Pigs – A pilot proof-of-concept trial

Parameter

PEEP [cmH2O]

Position

CENP [cmH2O]

ANOVA (P-values)

0

-10

-20

-30

-40

Position

CENP

PEEP

Mixed

        

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.871

Ventral pleural pressure

PPvent (cmH2O)

0

abdomen

-2.89±6.2

-3.74±5.5

-5.54±4.7

-6.72±4.5

-7.19±4.4

0.051

<0.001

 

0.601

 

thorax

-5.18±2.5

-5.24±2.9

-6.22±3.2

-7.05±3.2

-7.23±3.9

    
     

0,10

0,10

    

7

abdomen

-1.07±6.3

-1.44±5.7

-2.58±5

-3.48±4.5

-3.92±4.3

<0.001

0.099

0

0.968

 

thorax

-4.1±3.6

-3.87±3.4

-4.75±3.6

-5.65±3.7

-5.67±4.4

    

15

abdomen

3.04±4.1

2.75±3.6

2.7±3.1

2.16±2.8

2.17±2.7

<0.001

0.933

0,7

0.990

 

thorax

0.279±2.8

-0.355±2.7

-0.972±3

-1.12±3.6

-1.09±3.6

    
    

*

 

*

    

Dorsal pleural pressure PPdors (cmH2O)

       

0.183

<0.001

<0.001

0.248

0

abdomen

4.39±6.2

3.04±5.6

1.48±5.1

-0.0648±4.6

-1.22±4.5

0.101

<0.001

 

0.989

 

thorax

4.63±4.2

3.52±3.7

2.24±3.8

0.669±3.4

-0.505±3.3

    
    

0

0,10

0,10,20

    

7

abdomen

5.07±3.1

5.23±3

3.85±2.8

2.66±2.7

2.84±2.4

0.946

0.013

0

0.723

 

thorax

5.03±4.3

4.11±4.4

4.1±3.2

3.28±3

3.27±3.2

    
     

0

0

    

15

abdomen

10.2±3.4

9.45±3.1

8.2±2.9

7.75±3

7.04±3

0.249

0.027

0,7

0.944

 

thorax

11.3±3.8

10.2±3.4

9.06±3

7.79±2.6

7.11±2.5

    
     

0

0,10

    

Caudal pleural pressure PPcaud (cmH2O)

       

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.580

0

abdomen

11.1±2.5

9.89±2.3

7.69±2.8

5.18±2.3

4.1±2.6

0.006

<0.001

 

0.590

 

thorax

11.5±1.7

10.2±1.6

9.06±2

7.43±2

5.85±2.5

    
    

0

0,10,20

0,10,20

    

7

abdomen

7.99±4.6

7.2±4

5.98±4.2

4.95±4.1

4.34±3.9

<0.001

0.027

 

0.930

 

thorax

11.4±2.4

11.1±2.3

8.85±2.9

7.98±2.4

6.62±2.2

    
   

*

 

0,10

0,10

    

15

abdomen

13.7±1.6

12.7±2.4

11.8±2.7

10.6±2.7

10.2±2.7

0.323

0.025

0,7

0.947

 

thorax

13.9±6.1

11.8±4.2

11.5±4.4

9.47±2.5

9.66±2.5

    
     

0

0

    

Ventral trans-pulmonary pressure TPvent

(cmH2O)

       

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.771

0

abdomen

4.02±5.9

4.78±5.1

6.81±4.4

7.81±4.2

8.65±4.1

0.330

<0.001

 

0.524

 

thorax

5.89±2.3

5.83±2.6

6.95±3.1

7.8±3

8±3.8

    
     

0.10

0,10

    

7

abdomen

8.15±6.6

9.89±6.1

11.4±5.5

12.5±5.2

12.9±5

<0.001

0.002

0

0.609

 

thorax

12.3±3.6

12±3.3

13±3.6

13.9±3.4

15.2±3.9

    
     

0

0.10

    

15

abdomen

13.2±4.2

13.5±3.8

13.8±3.1

14.7±2

14.6±2.1

<0.001

0.557

0,7

0.989

 

thorax

16.3±1.7

17±1.5

17.7±2

17.9±2.9

17.9±3.1

    
   

*

*

*

*

    

Dorsal trans-pulmonary pressure TPdors

(cmH2O)

       

0.009

<0.001

<0.001

0.600

0

abdomen

-3.26±6

-2.01±5.3

-0.207±4.6

2.69±4.6

2.68±3.9

<0.001

<0.001

 

0.630

 

thorax

-3.92±3.9

-2.94±3.4

-1.52±3.4

0.0791±3

1.28±2.9

    
    

0

0,10,20 *

0,10,20

    

7

abdomen

2.43±3.1

3.22±2.5

5.01±2.2

6.35±2.6

6.46±2.3

0.141

<0.001

0

0.529

 

thorax

3.15±4.2

2.85±3.5

4.1±2.9

4.95±2.6

5.33±2.7

    
     

0,10

0,10

    

15

abdomen

6.09±3.1

6.82±3.1

8.33±2.9

9.14±3.7

9.7±3.3

0.399

0.002

0,7

0.986

 

thorax

5.35±3.7

6.43±3.2

7.65±2.7

8.99±2.5

9.67±2.7

    
    

0

0,10

0,10

    

TPvent – TPcaud

(cmH2O)

       

<0.001

0.003

<0.001

0.997

0

abdomen

14±7.5

13.6±6.4

13.2±5.8

11.4±4.5

11.3±4.4

0.001

0.031

 

0.970

thorax

16.7±2.8

15.5±3.5

15.3±3

14.5±2.9

13.1±2.7

    

7

abdomen

9.26±5.3

8.64±4.3

8.56±4.6

8.43±4.4

7.93±4.8

<0.001

0.484

0

0.913

thorax

15.5±3.1

15.3±2.6

13.6±4.1

13.6±3.9

12.6±4

    
  

*

       

15

abdomen

10.6±4.2

9.96±3.7

9.14±3.8

8.45±3.3

7.98±3.1

<0.001

0.063

0, 7

0.978

thorax

13.6±4.8

12.1±2.4

12.5±2.4

10.6±2.6

10.7±3.3

    
     

*

    
  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Linear-mixed effects, repeated-measures ANOVA with factors position (abdomen or thorax), PEEP and CENP were performed for each parameter (1st line) over all values and for each PEEP-step (1st line of each PEEP step). Post hoc comparison was done acc. to Sidak after significant effects for CENP (0, 10, 20 and 30 indicate if the value at respective CENP was different compared to CENP 0, 10, 20 and 30 cmH2O, respectively.) or PEEP (0 or 7 in PEEP effect column indicates the significant difference between the respective PEEP row with PEEP level indicated in the number, e.g. 0 or 7) or position (* position effects at the respective CENP). Significance was accepted for P < 0.05
  2. CENP continuous external negative pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure