Fig. 2

Metabolic pathways of distinct immune cell subsets in quiescence and upon activation. Under quiescent conditions, neutrophils rely on aerobic glycolysis, whereas T_n cells, monocytes, and B cells preferentially rely on OXPHOS for ATP production. Immune cell activation reshapes the metabolic demands of immune cells performing their various effector functions, differentiation to T_eff, T_reg, or T_m cells, and migration across the endothelium into the tissue, where substrate and oxygen availability can be limited. Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; T_eff, effector T cell; T_n, naïve T cell; T_m, memory T cell; T_reg, regulatory T cell