Table 1 Baseline hemodynamics per condition

Heart rate [s⁻¹]

88 ± 15

95 ± 23

0.25*

100 ± 20

128 ± 26

108 ± 22

< 0.001

Mean arterial pressure [mmHg]

62 ± 9

60 ± 13

0.378

58 ± 10

48 ± 10

63 ± 12

< 0.001

Mean pulmonary artery pressure [mmHg]

19 ± 3

19 ± 4

0.729

19 ± 2

17 ± 3

25 ± 4

< 0.001

Cardiac output [L/min]

2.94 ± 0.62

2.73 ± 0.67

0.084

2.82 ± 0.73

2.45 ± 0.62

3.40 ± 0.54

< 0.001

Stroke volume (mL)

34.8 ± 11.1

31 ± 12.5

< 0.001*

29.4 ± 11.1

20.6 ± 9.9

33.4 ± 10.9

< 0.001^†