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Intensive Care Medicine Experimental

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of septic shock patients from the ProCESS cohort

From: Sepsis with liver dysfunction and coagulopathy predicts an inflammatory pattern of macrophage activation

 

ProCESSa n = 1177

Sepsis controls

n = 82

HBD + DIC

n = 82

p value

all vs ctrl

p value

ctrl vs HBD + DIC

Demographics

 Age

62, 51–74

59, 47–73

61, 48–70

0.51

0.53

 Gender, Male, n (%)

641 (54)

55 (67)

52 (63)

0.029

0.74

 Race, White, n (%)

807 (69)

52 (63)

52 (63)

0.33

 > 0.99

 Race, Black/African American, n (%)

297 (25)

20 (24)

18 (22)

 > 0.99

0.85

 Race, Asian, n (%)

21 (2)

2 (2)

3 (4)

0.66

 > 0.99

 Race, American Indian/Native Alaskan, n (%)

3 (0.3)

1 (1)

1 (1)

0.24

 > 0.99

 Race, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, n (%)

5 (0.4)

0 (0)

1 (1)

 > 0.99

 > 0.99

 Race, Unknown, n (%)

11 (0.9)

1 (1)

1 (1)

0.56

 > 0.99

 Race, Other, n (%)

33 (3)

6 (7)

6 (7)

0.037

 > 0.99

 Ethnicity, Hispanic, n (%)

121 (10)

9 (11)

13 (16)

0.85

0.49

Laboratory values (0 h)

 WBC (109/L) (n)

14.2, 8.4–20.4 (1172)

15.0, 10.9–22.0 (82)

9.7, 4.7–18.9 (82)

0.101

0.001

 Bilirubin (mg/dL) (n)

0.9, 0.6–1.5 (1092)

0.6, 0.4–0.9 (75)

3.1, 1.8–5.4 (82)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Platelets (109/L) (n)

209, 146–288 (1148)

251, 188–327 (82)

49, 32–77 (82)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Creatinine (mg/dL) (n)

1.6, 1.1–2.6 (1157)

1.6, 1.0–3.1 (81)

2.2, 1.4–3.3 (82)

0.83

0.024

 INR (IU) (n)

1.3, 1.2–1.6 (959)

1.2, 1.1–1.5 (67)

1.7, 1.5–2.2 (82)

0.026

 < 0.001

Clinical Scores and Interventions (0 h)

 Hemodynamic SOFA

1, 1–4

1, 1–4

3.5, 1–4

0.66

0.059

 Respiratory SOFA

1, 1–3

2, 1–3

1, 1–3

0.184

0.59

 Central Nervous System SOFA

0, 0–1

0, 0–1

0, 0–1

0.38

0.032

 Coagulation SOFA

0, 0–1

0, 0–0

3, 2–3

0.001

 < 0.001

 Liver SOFA

0, 0–1

0, 0–0

2, 1–2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 Renal SOFA

1, 0–2

1, 0–2

2, 1–3

0.66

0.016

 APACHE III Scoreb

57, 42–72

52, 41–65

69, 51–85

0.143

 < 0.001

 Mechanical Ventilation, n (%)

207 (18)

18 (22)

10 (12)

0.30

0.145

Comorbidities

 Charlson Comorbidity Indexc

2, 1–4

2, 1–3

4, 2–7

0.98

0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

697 (59)

51 (62)

41 (50)

0.64

0.157

 Myocardial Infarction, n (%)

127 (11)

4 (5)

12 (15)

0.094

0.063

Comorbidities (continued)

 Congestive Heart Failure, n (%)

144 (12)

7 (9)

10 (12)

0.38

0.61

 Chronic Respiratory Disease, n (%)

262 (22)

21 (26)

15 (18)

0.49

0.35

 Cerebral Vascular Disease, n (%)

107 (9)

16 (20)

3 (4)

0.006

0.003

 Peripheral Vascular Disease, n (%)

97 (8)

6 (7)

7 (9)

 > 0.99

 > 0.99

 Diabetes Mellitus, n (%)

399 (34)

34 (41)

25 (30)

0.186

0.193

 Chronic Liver Disease, n (%)

76 (6)

4 (5)

31 (38)

0.81

 < 0.001

 Renal Impairmentd, n (%)

172 (15)

14 (17)

27 (33)

0.52

0.029

 AIDS, n (%)

33 (3)

1 (1)

4 (5)

0.72

0.37

 Cancere, n (%)

194 (16)

10 (12)

30 (37)

0.36

0.001

Mortality

 In-hospital, n (%)

215 (18)

8 (10)

35 (43)

0.052

 < 0.001

 90 days, n (%)

332 (28)

19 (23)

46 (56)

0.37

 < 0.001

  1. Data expressed as median with interquartile range unless otherwise noted
  2. Complete data sets were available for each variable with the exception of those listed under Laboratory Values. The number of data points analyzed for each variable are noted for each group
  3. APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; ctrl, sepsis controls; HBD + DIC, sepsis with hepatobiliary dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation; INR, international normalized ratio; IU, international units; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; WBC, white blood cells
  4. aRepresents the entire ProCESS cohort (n = 1341) minus the cases and controls included in the present study
  5. bScores on the APACHE III range from 0 to 299, with higher scores indicating greater severity of illness
  6. cThe Charlson Comorbidity Index measures the effect of coexisting conditions on mortality, with scores ranging from 0 to 33 and higher scores indicating a greater burden of illness
  7. dDefined as history of chronic renal disease or Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) greater than 40 mg/dL and creatinine greater than 2 mg/dL
  8. eActive at the time of enrollment or diagnosed within 1 year prior to enrollment
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